Quantification of Thermal Shock in a Piezoelectric Pressure Transducer

Lee, Seok-Hwan; Bae, Choonasik; Prucka, Robert; Fernandes, Gerald; Filipi, Zoran; Assanis, Dennis N.

doi:10.4271/2005-01-2092

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Great efforts have been dedicated to understand these phenomenon, quantify them, and suggest mathematical corrective measures. 19–21 However, to apply these corrective methods, a fire deck dynamic temperature sensor is required (which is often not available on engine setups) as well as a prior sensor calibration to obtain the temperature response gain of the pressure sensor. To know whether neglecting the thermal effects will impact the results, the uncertainty analysis tool can be used.…”

Section: Results: Uncertainties On the Physical Quantities Requiring mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty quantification from raw measurements to post-processed data: A general methodology and its application to a homogeneous-charge compression–ignition engine

Pochet

Jeanmart

Contino

2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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Internal combustion engines have been improved for many decades. Yet, complex phenomena are now resorted to, for which any optimum might be unstable: noise, low-temperature heat release timing, stratification, pollutant sweet spots, and so on. In order to make reliable statements on an improvement, one must specify the uncertainty related to it. Still, uncertainty quantification is generally missing in the piston engine experimental literature. Therefore, we detailed a mathematical methodology to obtain any engine parameter uncertainty and then used it to derive the uncertainty expressions of the physical quantities of the most generic homogeneous-charge compression–ignition research engine (mass-flow-induced mixture with [Formula: see text] fuel). We then applied those expressions on an existing hydrogen homogeneous-charge compression–ignition test bench. This includes the uncertainty propagation chain from sensor specifications, user calibrations, intake control, in-cylinder processes, and post-processing techniques. Directly measured physical quantities have uncertainties of around 1%, depending on the sensor quality (e.g. pressure, volume), but indirectly measured quantities relying on modelled parameters have uncertainties higher than 5% (e.g. wall heat losses, in-cylinder temperature, gross heat release, pressure rise rate). Other findings that such an analysis can bring relate, for example, to the physical quantities driving the uncertainty and to the ones that can be neglected. In the case of the homogeneous-charge compression–ignition engine considered, the effects of blow-by, bottle purity and air moisture content were found negligible; the post-processing for effective compression ratio, effective in-cylinder temperature, and top dead centre offset were found essential; and the pressure and volume uncertainties were found to be the main drivers to a large extent. The obtained numeric values serve the general purpose of alerting the experimenter on uncertainty order of magnitudes. The developed methodology shall be used and adapted by the experimenter willing to study the uncertainty propagation in their setup or willing to assess the adequacy of a sensor performance.

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Section: Results: Uncertainties On the Physical Quantities Requiring mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty quantification from raw measurements to post-processed data: A general methodology and its application to a homogeneous-charge compression–ignition engine

Pochet

Jeanmart

Contino

2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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show abstract

“…An error in transducer calibration can result in a proportional error at all pressure magnitudes. Thermal shock can cause unrealistically low pressure during the expansion and exhaust blowdown stroke [6,9] due to the high temperatures occurring during combustion causing changes in the mechanical properties of the quartz crystal, and distortion of the diaphragm of the piezoelectric pressure sensor [9]. As speed increases, the effect of thermal shock reduces since the flame impinges on the diaphragm for a shorter time [9].…”

Section: 𝑑𝑈 = 𝑚 𝑐𝑦 𝑐 𝑝𝑐𝑦 𝑑𝑇 𝑐𝑦mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Diesel Engine Combustion Metrics Over the Full Range of Engine Operating Conditions

Dowell

Akehurst

Burke

2019

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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Measuring and analyzing combustion is a critical part of the development of high efficiency and low emitting engines. Faced with changes in legislation such as real driving emissions (RDE) and the fundamental change in the role of the combustion engine with the introduction of hybrid-electric powertrains, it is essential that combustion analysis can be conducted accurately across the full range of operating conditions. In this work, the sensitivity of five key combustion metrics is investigated with respect to eight necessary assumptions used for single zone diesel combustion analysis. The sensitivity was evaluated over the complete operating range of the engine using a combination of experimental and modeling techniques. This provides a holistic understanding of combustion measurement accuracy. For several metrics, it was found that the sensitivity at the mid-speed/load condition was not representative of sensitivity across the full operating range, in particular at low speeds and loads. Peak heat release rate and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) were found to be most sensitive to the determination of top dead center (TDC) and the assumption of in-cylinder gas properties. An error of 0.5 deg in the location of TDC would cause on average a 4.2% error in peak heat release rate. The ratio of specific heats had a strong impact on peak heat release with an error of 8% for using the assumption of a constant value. A novel method for determining TDC was proposed which combined a filling and emptying simulation with measured data obtained experimentally from an advanced engine test rig with external boosting system. This approach improved the robustness of the prediction of TDC which will allow engineers to measure accurate combustion data in operating conditions representative of in-service applications.

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“…The major disadvantage associated with their use is the variability introduced in the data as a result of thermal shock. Under stable operating conditions, the accuracy of piezo electric transducer can be very high with errors of less than 1% [2]. But this performance is affected due to exposure to continuous variations in temperature resulting from combustion.…”

Section: In-cylinder Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon is known as thermal shock. A 50 kPa variation in pressure has been measured as a result of thermal shock [2]. Figure 2.4 shows the variation in pressure caused as a result of thermal shock and its correlation with transducer surface temperature.…”

Section: In-cylinder Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At about 45 CAD, a temperature change of 12°C leads to a change of 0.8 bar in the pressure readings. Figure 2.4: Correlation between variation in temperature and thermal shock [2] This makes the location of the transducer in the combustion chamber important. There are multiple factors on which the choice of an in-cylinder pressure transducer mounting location depends.…”

Section: In-cylinder Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of spark advance and fuel on knocking tendency of spark ignited engine

Joshi¹

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Quantification of Thermal Shock in a Piezoelectric Pressure Transducer

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Uncertainty quantification from raw measurements to post-processed data: A general methodology and its application to a homogeneous-charge compression–ignition engine

Uncertainty quantification from raw measurements to post-processed data: A general methodology and its application to a homogeneous-charge compression–ignition engine

Accuracy of Diesel Engine Combustion Metrics Over the Full Range of Engine Operating Conditions

Effect of spark advance and fuel on knocking tendency of spark ignited engine

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