Quantification of turbulent heat fluxes for adaptation strategies within urban planning

Goldbach, Anja; Kuttler, Wilhelm

doi:10.1002/joc.3437

Cited by 50 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This possibly results from low data availability for winter months, because results from other cities suggest that the lowest Q H is more likely to occur in winter (e.g. Christen and Vogt 2004;Goldbach and Kuttler 2013;Kotthaus and Grimmond 2014a). On the other hand, in the city centre the release of a large amount of additional heat from fuel combustion (transportation, heating), significantly enhances Q H , as even at night it remains positive, i.e.…”

Section: Monthly Variability Of Turbulent Sensible Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In urban areas one of the most commonly used footprint model is the 3D analytical Flux Source Area Model (FSAM) developed by Schmid (1994Schmid ( , 1997, and successfully applied for single-point measurements in cities (e.g. Grimmond et al 2004;Offerle et al 2006a, b;Pawlak et al 2011;Goldbach and Kuttler 2013;Kotthaus and Grimmond 2014b).…”

Section: Scintillometer Source Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the lack of a sufficient amount of data it should not be considered as a rule that the lowest Q H always occurs in late autumn. The measurements of Q H from other city centres suggest that the lowest Q H is most likely to occur in winter (Christen and Vogt 2004;Goldbach and Kuttler 2013;Kotthaus and Grimmond 2014a). On the other hand, in densely built-up areas an addition of heat from fuel combustion could lead to an enhancement of Q H or even positive night-time Q H during winter (e.g.…”

Section: Monthly Variability Of Turbulent Sensible Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Christen and Vogt 2004). A small fraction of vegetation cover in the city centres frequently contributes to a decrease in turbulent latent heat flux and significant enhancement of turbulent sensible heat flux (Christen and Vogt 2004;Offerle et al 2006b;Goldbach and Kuttler 2013). Therefore, there is still a need for long-term energy balance measurements at different scales.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Christen and Vogt 2004;Offerle et al 2006a, b;Goldbach and Kuttler 2013;Nordbo et al 2013;Ward et al 2013;Kotthaus and Grimmond 2014a, b). Eddy covariance is a point-based method and provides fluxes representative of relatively small areas (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Turbulent Sensible-Heat-Flux Measurements with a Large-Aperture Scintillometer in the Centre of Łódź, Central Poland

Zieliński

Fortuniak

Pawlak

et al. 2018

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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We investigate the area-averaged sensible heat flux (Q H ) obtained with a scintillometer along a 3.1-km path length over the city centre of Łódź, Central Poland. The annual cycle of Q H peaks in June but is lower by the middle of summer. In winter, due to a large amount of anthropogenic heat input, Q H remains positive all day long, with positive nighttime fluxes also found during months with frequent cold advection, e.g., June 2010. In the diurnal cycle of this flux, several features specific to urban areas are seen: the peak shifts 1-2 h after noon, the heat flux turns from positive to negative 1-2 h after sunset. In Łódź Q H was observed during inflow from the north and north-west, i.e. from the city centre. As this area is mostly covered with impervious materials, most of the heat exchanged between the ground and the overlying air is in the form of sensible heat flux. Under the conditions of inflow from the east and south-east, the maximum heat flux is approximately 100 W m −2 lower than during the inflow from the city centre, since more vegetation exists to the east and south-east of the scintillometer path. Cold and warm advection are found to be a vital factor in the observed heat-flux variability in the centre of Łódź.

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Section: Monthly Variability Of Turbulent Sensible Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Scintillometer Source Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monthly Variability Of Turbulent Sensible Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Turbulent Sensible-Heat-Flux Measurements with a Large-Aperture Scintillometer in the Centre of Łódź, Central Poland

Zieliński

Fortuniak

Pawlak

et al. 2018

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Quantifying the heat flux regulation of metropolitan land use/land cover components by coupling remote sensing modeling with in situ measurement

et al. 2015

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Quantifying the effects of urban land use/land cover with regard to surface radiation and heat flux regulation is important to ecological planning and heat stress mitigation. To retrieve the spatial pattern of heat fluxes in the Beijing metropolitan area, China, a remote sensing-based energy balance model was calibrated with synchronously measured energy fluxes including net radiation, latent heat flux (LE), and sensible heat flux (H). Our model calibration approach avoided the uncertainties due to subjective judgments in previous empirical parameterization methods. The land surface temperature (LST), H, and Bowen ratio (β) of Beijing were found to increase along the outskirt-suburban-urban gradient, with strong spatial variation. LST and H were negatively correlated with vegetation fraction cover (VFC). For example, the modern high-rise residential areas with relatively higher VFC had lower H and β than the traditional low-rise residential areas. Our findings that indicate thermal dissipation through vegetation transpiration might play an important role in urban heat regulation. Notably, the thermal dissipating strength of vegetation (calculated as LE/VFC) declined exponentially with increased VFC. For the purpose of heat stress regulation, we recommend upgrading the traditional low-rise residential areas to modern high-rise residential areas and focusing urban greenery projects in areas whose VFC < 0.1, where the heat regulating service by urban vegetation could be twice as effective as in other places.

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Quantifying Water and Energy Fluxes Over Different Urban Land Covers in Phoenix, Arizona

et al. 2018

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The impact of urbanization on water and energy fluxes varies according to the characteristics of the urban patch type. Nevertheless, urban flux observations are limited, particularly in arid climates, given the wide variety of land cover present in cities. To help address this need, a mobile eddy covariance tower was deployed at three locations in Phoenix, Arizona, to sample the surface energy balance at a parking lot, a xeric landscaping (irrigated trees with gravel) and a mesic landscaping (irrigated turf grass). These deployments were compared to a stationary eddy covariance tower in a suburban neighborhood. A comparison of the observations revealed key differences between the mobile and reference sites tied to the urban land cover within the measurement footprints. For instance, the net radiation varied substantially among the sites in manners consistent with albedo and shallow soil temperature differences. The partitioning of available energy between sensible and latent heat fluxes was modulated strongly by the presence of outdoor water use, with the irrigated turf grass exhibiting the highest evaporative fraction. At this site, we identified a lack of sensitivity of turbulent flux partitioning to precipitation events, which suggests that frequent outdoor water use removes water limitations in an arid climate, thus leading to mesic conditions. Other urban land covers with less irrigation, however, exhibited sensitivity to the occurrence of precipitation, as expected for an arid climate. As a result, quantifying the frequency and magnitude of outdoor water use is critical for understanding evapotranspiration losses in arid urban areas.

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Quantification of turbulent heat fluxes for adaptation strategies within urban planning

Cited by 50 publications

References 63 publications

Long-term Turbulent Sensible-Heat-Flux Measurements with a Large-Aperture Scintillometer in the Centre of Łódź, Central Poland

Long-term Turbulent Sensible-Heat-Flux Measurements with a Large-Aperture Scintillometer in the Centre of Łódź, Central Poland

Quantifying the heat flux regulation of metropolitan land use/land cover components by coupling remote sensing modeling with in situ measurement

Quantifying Water and Energy Fluxes Over Different Urban Land Covers in Phoenix, Arizona

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