Quantification of uncertainties in conifer sap flow measured with the thermal dissipation method

Peters, Richard L.; Fonti, Patrick; Frank, David; Poyatos, Rafael; Pappas, Christoforos; Kahmen, Ansgar; Carraro, Vinicio; Prendin, Angela Luisa; Schneider, Lea; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Baron‐Gafford, Greg A.; Dietrich, Lars; Heinrich, Ingo; Minor, R. L.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Matheny, Ashley M.; Wightman, Maxwell G.; Steppe, Kathy

doi:10.1111/nph.15241

Cited by 96 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Data evaluation was done in compliance with the method of Granier (; ) and the considerations of Peters et al (). We calculated the temperature difference between the two needles (∆ T ) of each sap flow device from voltage values.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No role for xylem embolism or carbohydrate shortage in temperate trees during the severe 2015 drought

et al. 2018

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Temperate forests are predicted to experience an increased frequency and intensity of climate change‐induced summer droughts and heat waves in the near future. Yet, while previous studies clearly showed a high drought sensitivity of different temperate tree species, the vulnerability of the physiological integrity of these trees remains unclear. Here, we assessed the sensitivity of six temperate tree species to severe water limitation during three consecutive growing seasons, including the exceptional 2015 central European summer drought and heat wave. Specifically, we assessed stem increment growth, sap flow, water potentials, hydraulic vulnerability, and nonstructural carbohydrate contents in leaves and branches to determine how mature temperate trees responded to this exceptional weather event and how the observed responses relate to variation in xylem embolism and carbohydrate economy. We found that the trees' predawn water potentials reached their minimum values during the 2015 summer drought and most species reduced their sap flow by up to 80%. Also, increment growth was strongly impaired with the onset of the drought in all species. Despite the strong responses in the trees' growth and water relations, all species exhibited minimum midday shoot water potentials well away from values associated with severe embolism (P50). In addition, we detected no distinct decrease in nonstructural carbohydrate contents in leaves, bark, and stems throughout the drought event. Synthesis. This study shows that mature individuals of six common central European forest tree species strongly reacted to a severe summer drought by reducing their water consumption and stopping growth. We found, however, no indications for xylem embolism or carbohydrate depletion in these trees. This suggests, that xylem embolism formation and carbohydrate reserve depletion are not routine in temperate trees during seasonal strong drought and reveals a low vulnerability of the physiological integrity of temperate trees during drought events as we describe here.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data evaluation was done in compliance with the method of Granier (1985;1987) and the considerations of Peters et al (2018).…”

Section: Sap Flow Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No role for xylem embolism or carbohydrate shortage in temperate trees during the severe 2015 drought

et al. 2018

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“…Although the Granier method is the most widely used sap flow measurement method we acknowledge that it may underestimate tree flux density (e.g. Fuchs et al, 2017;Peters et al, 2018). Sensors were protected from wet and heat by cushioning plastic wrap and aluminium reflectors.…”

Section: Sap Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pool‐weighted perspective on the two‐water‐worlds hypothesis

et al. 2019

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Summary The ‘two‐water‐worlds’ hypothesis is based on stable isotope differences in stream, soil and xylem waters in dual isotope space. It postulates no connectivity between bound and mobile soil waters, and preferential plant water uptake of bound soil water sources. We tested the pool‐weighted impact of isotopically distinct water pools for hydrological cycling, the influence of species‐specific water use and the degree of ecohydrological separation. We combined stable isotope analysis (δ18O and δ2H) of ecosystem water pools of precipitation, groundwater, soil and xylem water of two distinct species (Quercus suber, Cistus ladanifer) with observations of soil water contents and sap flow. Shallow soil water was evaporatively enriched during dry‐down periods, but enrichment faded strongly with depth and upon precipitation events. Despite clearly distinct water sources and water‐use strategies, both species displayed a highly opportunistic pattern of root water uptake. Here we offer an alternative explanation, showing that the isotopic differences between soil and plant water vs groundwater can be fully explained by spatio‐temporal dynamics. Pool weighting the contribution of evaporatively enriched soil water reveals only minor annual impacts of these sources to ecosystem water cycling (c. 11% of bulk soil water and c. 14% of transpired water).

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“…T day and g c in both stands measured in this study were also lower than a nearby late-successional stand (Kropp et al, 2017). However, T and g c may be underestimated in this study because we do not have species specific calibration data (Peters et al, 2018) or measurements of nocturnal flow for calculations of zero sap flow. But PAR at night in the 24-hr photoperiod is typically below the light compensation point for Larix in Siberia, and so nocturnal flow may not be significant due to limitations of light on photosynthesis (Vygodskaya et al, 1997).…”

Section: Canopy Stomatal Conductance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree density influences ecohydrological drivers of plant–water relations in a larch boreal forest in Siberia

et al. 2019

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Transpiration and stomatal conductance in deciduous needleleaf boreal forests of northern Siberia can be highly sensitive to water stress, permafrost thaw, and atmospheric dryness. Additionally, north‐eastern Siberian boreal forests are fire‐driven, and larch (Larix spp.) are the sole tree species. We examined differences in tree water use, stand characteristics, and stomatal responses to environmental drivers between high and low tree density stands that burned 76 years ago in north‐eastern Siberia. Our results provide process‐level insight to climate feedbacks related to boreal forest productivity, water cycles, and permafrost across Arctic regions. The high density stand had shallower permafrost thaw depths and deeper moss layers than the low density stand. Rooting depths and shallow root biomass were similar between stands. Daily transpiration was higher on average in the high‐density stand 0.12 L m−2 day−1 (SE: 0.004) compared with the low density stand 0.10 L m−2 day−1 (SE: 0.001) throughout the abnormally wet summer of 2016. Transpiration rates tended to be similar at both stands during the dry period in 2017 in both stands of 0.10 L m−2 day−1 (SE: 0.002). The timing of precipitation impacted stomatal responses to environmental drivers, and the high density stand was more dependent on antecedent precipitation that occurred over longer periods in the past compared with the low density stand. Post‐fire tree density differences in plant–water relations may lead to different trajectories in plant mortality, water stress, and ecosystem water cycles across Siberian landscapes.

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Quantification of uncertainties in conifer sap flow measured with the thermal dissipation method

Cited by 96 publications

References 98 publications

No role for xylem embolism or carbohydrate shortage in temperate trees during the severe 2015 drought

No role for xylem embolism or carbohydrate shortage in temperate trees during the severe 2015 drought

A pool‐weighted perspective on the two‐water‐worlds hypothesis

Tree density influences ecohydrological drivers of plant–water relations in a larch boreal forest in Siberia

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