Quantification of visual capabilities using augmented reality displays

Livingston, Mark

doi:10.1109/ismar.2006.297788

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For OST devices, particular attention should be paid when using color codes, because colors are differently saturated depending on backgrounds, even if still perceived as their original hues as revealed by Gabbard et al [4]. Furthermore Livingston's experiments on HWDs [28], [29], especially OST ones, showed that dark color tended to disappear perceptually with light backgrounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Text Readability in Head-Worn Displays: Color and Style Optimization in Video versus Optical See-Through Devices

Debernardis

Fiorentino

Gattullo

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Efficient text visualization in head-worn augmented reality (AR) displays is critical because it is sensitive to display technology, text style and color, ambient illumination and so on. The main problem for the developer is to know the optimal text style for the specific display and for applications where color coding must be strictly followed because it is regulated by laws or internal practices. In this work, we experimented the effects on readability of two head-worn devices (optical and video see-through), two backgrounds (light and dark), five colors (white, black, red, green, and blue), and two text styles (plain text and billboarded text). Font type and size were kept constant. We measured the performance of 15 subjects by collecting about 5,000 measurements using a specific test application and followed by qualitative interviews. Readability turned out to be quicker on the optical see-through device. For the video see-through device, background affects readability only in case of text without billboard. Finally, our tests suggest that a good combination for indoor augmented reality applications, regardless of device and background, could be white text and blue billboard, while a mandatory color should be displayed as billboard with a white text message.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Text Readability in Head-Worn Displays: Color and Style Optimization in Video versus Optical See-Through Devices

Debernardis

Fiorentino

Gattullo

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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“…All users scored 20/30 looking at a graphical chart. This test was extended to a 2D contrast sensitivity measure using a sine-wave chart [20]. The Glasstron notably reduced the contrast sensitivity of the user compared to his or her normal vision, though it should be noted that the contrast levels in this experiment were well below the standard for optometric exams.…”

Section: Visual Acuitymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One can also quantify the perception of color through head-worn AR displays using a color naming task. The reduction of contrast in the Glasstron noted for the visual acuity and contrast sensitivity test appeared to also cause some color confusion near the white point of the CIE 1931 color space, especially when looking at real-world objects through the see-through optics [20]. Color samples near the boundaries of named regions were inconsistently labeled, with lighter colors progressively less consistent in their names.…”

Section: Color Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Basic Perception in Head-Worn Augmented Reality Displays

Livingston

Gabbard

Swan

et al. 2012

Human Factors in Augmented Reality Environments

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Head-worn displays have been an integral part of augmented reality since the inception of the field. However, due to numerous difficulties with designing using such unique hardware, the perceptual capabilities of users suffer when looking at either the virtual or real portions of the augmented reality. We discuss the perceptual background and a series of experiments-in the literature and in our laboratoriesmeasuring the degradation of basic functions of the human visual system when using head-worn augmented reality displays. In particular, we look at loss of visual acuity and contrast (and how these in turn affect text legibility), distortion of perceived colors, and difficulties of fusing stereo imagery. We discuss the findings and the implications for head-worn display design.

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“…In previous experiments [6], we tested contrast sensitivity and color naming. The Sony Glasstron notably reduced the contrast sensitivity of the user compared to his or her normal vision, though it should be noted that the contrast levels in this experiment were well below the standard for optometric exams.…”

Section: Visual Perception In Head-worn Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Contrast Sensitivity and Color Perception using Head-worn Augmented Reality Displays

Livingston

Barrow

Sibley

2009

2009 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference

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Augmented reality (AR) displays often reduce the visual capabilities of the user. This reduction can be measured both objectively and through user studies. We acquired objective measurements with a color meter and conducted two user studies for each of two key measurements. First was the combined effect of resolution and display contrast, which equate to the visual acuity and apparent brightness. The combined effect may be captured by the contrast sensitivity function and measured through analogs of optometric exams. We expanded the number of commercial devices tested in previous studies, including higher resolution and video-overlay AR displays. We found patterns of reduced contrast sensitivity similar to previous work; however, we saw that all displays enabled users to achieve the maximum possible acuity with at least moderate levels of contrast. The second measurement was the perception of color. Objective measurements showed a distortion of color, notably in the blue region of color space. We devised a color matching task to quantify the distortion of color perception, finding that the displays themselves were poor at showing colors in the blue region of color space and that the perceptual distortion of such colors was even greater than the objective distortion. We noted significantly different distortions and variability between displays.

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Quantification of visual capabilities using augmented reality displays

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Text Readability in Head-Worn Displays: Color and Style Optimization in Video versus Optical See-Through Devices

Text Readability in Head-Worn Displays: Color and Style Optimization in Video versus Optical See-Through Devices

Basic Perception in Head-Worn Augmented Reality Displays

Quantification of Contrast Sensitivity and Color Perception using Head-worn Augmented Reality Displays

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