Quantifizierung der Belastungen des Muskel-Band-Apparats im Schultergelenk von Speerwerfern

Köhler, Hans-Peter; Hepp, Pierre; Witt, Maren

doi:10.1007/s11678-021-00674-5

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Eccentric training can be interpreted a beneficial form of prevention training due to the rightward shifts in the eccentric torque-angle relationship ( Blazevich et al, 2007 ). This supports the capability of energy absorption and energy transfer to concentric actions ( Mörl et al, 2016 ; Köhler et al, 2022 ; Holzer et al, 2023 ; Köhler and Witt, 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

A 6-week randomized-controlled field study: effect of isokinetic eccentric resistance training on strength, flexibility and muscle structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players

Vetter,

Witt,

Hepp

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Team handball involves a tremendous amount of shoulder motion with high forces during repeated extended external range of motion. This causes shoulder complaints and overuse injuries. While eccentric training for the lower extremity shows preventive effects by improving strength, range of motion and fascicle length, there is a research gap for the shoulder joint and for advanced tissue characterization using diffusion tensor imaging.Objectives: To investigate the effects of 6-week eccentric isokinetic resistance training on strength, flexibility, and fiber architecture characteristics of the external rotators compared to an active control group in junior male handball players.Methods: 15 subjects were randomly assigned to the eccentric training group and 14 subjects to the active control group (conventional preventive training). Primary outcome measures were eccentric and concentric isokinetic strength of the external rotators, range of motion, and muscle fascicle length and fascicle volume.Results: The intervention group, showed significant changes in eccentric strength (+15%). The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles showed significant increases in fascicle length (+13% and +8%), and in fractional anisotropy (+9% and +6%), which were significantly different from the control group.Conclusion: Eccentric isokinetic training has a significant effect on the function and macroscopic structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players. While strength parameters and muscle structure improved, range of motion did not change. This research helps understanding the physiology of muscle and the role of eccentric training on shoulder function and muscle structure. Furthermore, DTI was found to be a promising tool for advanced tissue characterization, and the in vivo derived data can also serve as model input variables and as a possibility to extend existing ex-vivo muscle models. Future research is needed for functional and structural changes following convenient eccentric field exercises.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

A 6-week randomized-controlled field study: effect of isokinetic eccentric resistance training on strength, flexibility and muscle structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players

Vetter,

Witt,

Hepp

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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“…A longer muscle fascicle improves motor performance [ 8 – 10 ], and has been suggested as risk factor for the hamstrings [ 11 ]. Although the injury mechanisms for the shoulder are not well understood [ 12 – 14 ], an increased FL may act as a buffer to reduce the high internal rotation eccentric stretching stress found after a throwing performance (deceleration moment) [ 15 ], which partially explain the high incidence of supraspinatus tendon lesions and impingement syndromes [ 12 , 14 ]. Therefore, a recent meta-analysis [ 16 ] suggests, that future studies should focus on the effects of resistance training modalities on the upper extremity muscle fascicle geometry due to its strong relationship with athletic performance, injury, and force production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of isokinetic eccentric training on the human shoulder strength, flexibility, and muscle architecture in physically active men: A preliminary study

Vetter,

Hepp,

Schleichardt

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Strengthening the rotator cuff muscles is important for injury prevention and rehabilitation. Since muscle fascicle length improves motor performance and is suggested to reduce the risk of injury for the hamstring, it may be an important variable to promote multidirectional changes in the function and macroscopic structure for the shoulder. Recent literature reviews overwhelmingly suggest that eccentric exercises improve fascicle length and functional measures for the lower limb. However, there is a research gap for the shoulder. Since ultrasound imaging is the most commonly used imaging technique to quantify muscle structure, but has yielded heterogeneous results in different studies, there is another issue and a research gap for the imaging method. Based on the research gaps, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of standardized eccentric strength training on the function and structure of the external rotator cuff muscles using an isokinetic dynamometer and MRI. Therefore, a preliminary pre-post intervention study was conducted and 16 physically active men were recruited in October 2021. For the right shoulder, an eccentric isokinetic training was performed twice a week for almost six weeks. The primary outcome measures (external rotators) were active and passive range of motion, eccentric and concentric torque at 30, 60, and 180°/s isokinetic speed, and fascicle length and fascicle volume for the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. The findings show a training effect for the absolute mean values of eccentric strength (+24%, p = .008). The torque-angle relationship increased, especially in the final phase of range of motion, although a 4% (p = .002) decrease in passive range of motion was found in the stretch test. Positive changes in muscle structure were shown for the supraspinatus muscle fascicle length (+16%, p = .003) and fascicle volume (+19%, p = .002). Based on the study results, we can conclude that eccentric isokinetic training has a significant positive effect on the shoulder. To our knowledge, this is the first eccentric training study using both isokinetic dynamometer and muscle diffusion tensor imaging to access functional and structural changes in the human shoulder rotator cuff muscles. The methods were shown to be applicable for interventional studies. Based on these results, populations such as high-performance handball players with highly trained shoulders should be included in future studies.

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“…19 However, eccentric training can be interpreted as a beneficial approach to modifying multiple injury risk factors. Specifically, due to positive strength changes in the final ROM of each movement, for the throwing movement the important capability of energy absorption and energy transfer to concentric actions 6 may be improved. These changes can also be interpreted as a reason for the comparably high decrease in complaints and injury rates explained following eccentric exercises that are regularly incorporated into athletic training routines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Therefore, a throwing performance is always associated with high eccentric load at the very end of the individual ROM. 6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While most research exist for baseball pitching, showing high maximum internal rotation torque and high external range of motion (ROM) before ball release, 5 also the deceleration phase puts high loads on the stabilizing shoulder tissues. 6 Therefore, a throwing performance is always associated with high eccentric load at the very end of the individual ROM. 6 In Handball similar demands 7 and shoulder adaptations occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 6-week randomized-controlled field study: Effect of isokinetic eccentric resistance training on strength, flexibility and muscle structure for the shoulder external rotator in male junior handball players

Vetter,

Witt,

Hepp

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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BackgroundTeam handball involves a tremendous amount of shoulder motion with high forces during repeated extended external range of motion. Shoulder complaints are a common problem in youth handball players. While eccentric training for the lower extremity shows preventive effects by improving strength, range of motion and fascicle length, there is a research gap for the shoulder joint and for advanced tissue characterization using diffusion tensor imaging.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of six-week eccentric isokinetic resistance training on the strength, flexibility, and fiber architecture characteristics of the external rotators compared to an active control group in junior handball players.Methods15 subjects were randomly assigned to the eccentric training group and 14 subjects to the active control group (conventional training). Primary outcome measures were eccentric and concentric isokinetic strength of the external rotators, range of motion, and muscle fascicle length and fascicle volume.ResultsThe intervention group, showed significant changes in eccentric strength (+15 %). The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles showed significant increases in fascicle length (+13 % and +8 %), and in fractional anisotropy (+9 % and 6 %), which were significantly different from the control group.ConclusionsEccentric isokinetic training has a significant effect on the function and macroscopic structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players. While strength parameters and muscle structure improved, range of motion did not change. Future research is needed for more convenient field exercises in this context.

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Quantifizierung der Belastungen des Muskel-Band-Apparats im Schultergelenk von Speerwerfern

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

A 6-week randomized-controlled field study: effect of isokinetic eccentric resistance training on strength, flexibility and muscle structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players

A 6-week randomized-controlled field study: effect of isokinetic eccentric resistance training on strength, flexibility and muscle structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players

Effect of isokinetic eccentric training on the human shoulder strength, flexibility, and muscle architecture in physically active men: A preliminary study

A 6-week randomized-controlled field study: Effect of isokinetic eccentric resistance training on strength, flexibility and muscle structure for the shoulder external rotator in male junior handball players

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