Quantifying Achilles tendon force in vivo from ultrasound images

Dick, Taylor J. M.; Arnold, Allison S.; Wakeling, James M.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.07.036

Cited by 44 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Pedal reaction forces effective and ineffective (normal and radial) to the right and left cranks were recorded at 2000 Hz (Powerforce, Radlabor, Freiburg, Germany). Previously, we have verified that the plantarflexion moments estimated from ultrasound-based measures of tendon strain are consistent with the net ankle moments determined from inverse dynamics (Dick et al, 2016).…”

Section: Muscle Models For Estimating Lg and Mg Forcessupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Subjects gave informed consent and protocols were approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Boards at Simon Fraser University and Harvard University. The experimental protocol has been described and evaluated in a previous study (Dick et al, 2016), so a brief overview is provided here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…F max was calculated based on the muscle's scaled volume V m estimated using the regression equations in Handsfield et al (2014), and optimal fibre length l f,opt estimated from a subject-specific scaled musculoskeletal model (OpenSim v3.3;Delp et al, 2007;Arnold et al, 2010;Dick et al, 2016). σ 0 is estimated specific muscle stress (225 kPa; Spector et al, 1980;Roy et al, 1982) ( Table S1).…”

Section: Muscle Models For Estimating Lg and Mg Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A trigger from the ultrasound system was used to synchronize all data. Forces were estimated from the tracked ultrasound images of tendon length changes during cycling and tendon stiffness measured for each subject in an isometric protocol (Dick et al, 2016). (B) The experimentally determined fascicle lengths l f , pennation angles β and normalized muscle activationsâðtÞ for total (black), slow (red) and fast (blue) motor units were used as inputs for the muscle models.…”

Section: Muscle Models For Estimating Lg and Mg Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, muscle forces often cannot be directly measured. We have recently developed an ultrasound-based approach to indirectly estimate the in vivo forces generated by the human triceps surae muscles during dynamic tasks (Dick et al, 2016). In particular, the gastrocnemius-Achilles tendon (AT) complex is advantageous because of its superficial location and short fascicles, which allow us to use ultrasound to measure both tendon and fascicle length changes during movement, and couple these measurements with subject-specific estimates of tendon stiffness and slack lengths to estimate time-varying forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of human gastrocnemius forces predicted by Hill-type muscle models and estimated from ultrasound images

Dick

Biewener

Wakeling

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Hill-type models are ubiquitous in the field of biomechanics, providing estimates of a muscle's force as a function of its activation state and its assumed force-length and force-velocity properties. However, despite their routine use, the accuracy with which Hill-type models predict the forces generated by muscles during submaximal, dynamic tasks remains largely unknown. This study compared human gastrocnemius forces predicted by Hill-type models with the forces estimated from ultrasound-based measures of tendon length changes and stiffness during cycling, over a range of loads and cadences. We tested both a traditional model, with one contractile element, and a differential model, with two contractile elements that accounted for independent contributions of slow and fast muscle fibres. Both models were driven by subject-specific, ultrasoundbased measures of fascicle lengths, velocities and pennation angles and by activation patterns of slow and fast muscle fibres derived from surface electromyographic recordings. The models predicted, on average, 54% of the time-varying gastrocnemius forces estimated from the ultrasound-based methods. However, differences between predicted and estimated forces were smaller under low speed-high activation conditions, with models able to predict nearly 80% of the gastrocnemius force over a complete pedal cycle. Additionally, the predictions from the Hill-type muscle models tested here showed that a similar pattern of force production could be achieved for most conditions with and without accounting for the independent contributions of different muscle fibre types.

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Section: Muscle Models For Estimating Lg and Mg Forcessupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Muscle Models For Estimating Lg and Mg Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Muscle Models For Estimating Lg and Mg Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison of human gastrocnemius forces predicted by Hill-type muscle models and estimated from ultrasound images

Dick

Biewener

Wakeling

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Dynamic Musculoskeletal Functional Morphology: Integrating diceCT and XROMM

Orsbon

Gidmark

Ross

2018

The Anatomical Record

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The tradeoff between force and velocity in skeletal muscle is a fundamental constraint on vertebrate musculoskeletal design (form:function relationships). Understanding how and why different lineages address this biomechanical problem is an important goal of vertebrate musculoskeletal functional morphology. Our ability to answer questions about the different solutions to this tradeoff has been significantly improved by recent advances in techniques for quantifying musculoskeletal morphology and movement. Herein, we have three objectives: (1) review the morphological and physiological parameters that affect muscle function and how these parameters interact; (2) discuss the necessity of integrating morphological and physiological lines of evidence to understand muscle function and the new, high resolution imaging technologies that do so; and (3) present a method that integrates high spatiotemporal resolution motion capture (XROMM, including its corollary fluoromicrometry), high resolution soft tissue imaging (diceCT), and electromyography to study musculoskeletal dynamics in vivo. The method is demonstrated using a case study of in vivo primate hyolingual biomechanics during chewing and swallowing. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that small deviations in reconstructed hyoid muscle attachment site location introduce an average error of 13.2% to in vivo muscle kinematics. The observed hyoid and muscle kinematics suggest that hyoid elevation is produced by multiple muscles and that fascicle rotation and tendon strain decouple fascicle strain from hyoid movement and whole muscle length. Lastly, we highlight current limitations of these techniques, some of which will likely soon be overcome through methodological improvements, and some of which are inherent. Anat Rec, 301:378-406, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Real‐time ultrasound elastography evaluation of achilles tendon properties in patients with mild hemiplegic stroke after rehabilitation training

Shao

Peng

Kong

et al. 2018

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objective This study aims to evaluate the Achilles tendon's properties after rehabilitation training in patients with stroke using real‐time ultrasound elastography. Methods A total of 24 patients with mild hemiplegic stroke in the past 6 to 12 months and unilateral lower limb movement disorder were prospectively enrolled. All patients accepted 9‐week rehabilitation training with the same schema. The 2‐dimensional elastography and real‐time elastography findings in the impaired and contralateral normal Achilles tendon were measured at pretraining and at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after training, which included tendon length, thickness, elasticity score (grade 1–3), and strain ratio of fat to tendon. The functional properties, which include the 10‐meter walk test and timed up‐and‐go scores, were evaluated before and after the 9‐week training. Results The impaired Achilles tendon had a longer length (P = .002), lower frequency of grade 1 (P = .012), and lower strain ratio (P = .009) than the contralateral tendon before training. The impaired tendons at the third, sixth, and ninth weeks after training were compared to ones before training, respectively, which revealed shorter length, increased frequency of grade 1, and increased strain ratio. The first statistically significant changes in the length were observed at the sixth week, while such changes in elasticity score and strain ratio were observed at the ninth week. Conclusions Two‐dimensional elastography and real‐time elastography can provide valuable imaging markers for quantitatively evaluating the Achilles tendon's properties after rehabilitation training in patients with stroke.

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Quantifying Achilles tendon force in vivo from ultrasound images

Cited by 44 publications

References 46 publications

Comparison of human gastrocnemius forces predicted by Hill-type muscle models and estimated from ultrasound images

Comparison of human gastrocnemius forces predicted by Hill-type muscle models and estimated from ultrasound images

Dynamic Musculoskeletal Functional Morphology: Integrating diceCT and XROMM

Real‐time ultrasound elastography evaluation of achilles tendon properties in patients with mild hemiplegic stroke after rehabilitation training

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