“…Apolipoprotein AI and apoB are the principal protein components of HDL and non-HDL particles, respectively, and measuring apo AI or apoB is analogous to measuring the lipoprotein particle number. [58][59][60] Because the number of atherogenic non-HDL particles is more strongly associated with ASCVD risk than is the cholesterol content of the particles, 56 many researchers recommend the use of apoB over LDL-C or non-HDL-C. 61 Canadian guidelines support the use of apoB as an alternative measurement to LDL-C or non-HDL-C. 4 Low-density lipoprotein particle number, size, and density can also be measured directly by lipoprotein subfractionation techniques, 62 but this is not practical for widespread, routine clinical use. Small dense LDL particles have emerged in population studies as independently associated with CVD risk.…”