Quantifying carbon losses from periodic maize silage cropping of permanent temperate pastures

Wall, Aaron M.; Campbell, David I.; Morcom, C.P.; Mudge, Paul L.; Schipper, Louis A.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2020.107048

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…How long, if at all, it takes to recapture this lost C due to pasture renewal is uncertain. Inclusion of an arable crop produced for supplemental feed (e.g., maize silage) can result in even larger losses of soil C (Wall et al 2020).…”

Section: Soil Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributes of resilient pasture for achieving environmental outcomes at farm scale

et al. 2021

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Pasture resilience commonly refers to a pasture’s ability to withstand or rebound from pressures to maintain production and quality of sown species. We suggest that a broader definition of pasture resilience is needed that also includes environmental responses, thus ensuring that productivity and environmental outcomes are considered together. Key attributes of resilient pastures to minimise soil erosion and nutrient, greenhouse gas and soil carbon losses are summarised based on current understanding of environmental losses from pastoral systems. These attributes include maintaining consistent pasture cover, high energy and/or low nitrogen species and species diversity that provides complementary root morphology and/or growth seasonality; all are likely to have positive benefits for production and productivity. There is a potential tension, however, between productivity and methane emissions, as methane production increases with increased feed intake. Increasing pasture quality is therefore also an important consideration for pasture resilience as it can maintain animal productivity at lower levels of feed intake. From a farm systems perspective, the choice of pasture species should reflect the desired attributes for both productivity and environmental outcomes, and ensure that the sown species persist in the sward. Finally, we note that none of the environmental attributes/benefits are likely to deliver major farm-scale improvements on their own; progress will likely be incremental improvements upon implementing a range of attributes.

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Section: Soil Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributes of resilient pasture for achieving environmental outcomes at farm scale

et al. 2021

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“…To this end, paired sites approaches are promising (Laubach & Hunt, 2018; Laubach et al, 2019). Recent studies have overcome the cost of employing duplicate flux measurement systems with a split‐footprint approach (Goodrich et al, 2021; Wall, Campbell, Morcom, et al, 2020; Wall, Campbell, Mudge, et al, 2020), wherein an eddy covariance system is placed at the boundary between paired sites. Another possible approach lies in the development of low‐cost measurement systems (Hill et al, 2016).…”

Section: Lesson 5—climate Impacts Of Agroecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridge to the future: Important lessons from 20 years of ecosystem observations made by the OzFlux network

Beringer

Moore

Cleverly

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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In 2020, the Australian and New Zealand flux research and monitoring network, OzFlux, celebrated its 20th anniversary by reflecting on the lessons learned through two decades of ecosystem studies on global change biology. OzFlux is a network not only for ecosystem researchers, but also for those ‘next users’ of the knowledge, information and data that such networks provide. Here, we focus on eight lessons across topics of climate change and variability, disturbance and resilience, drought and heat stress and synergies with remote sensing and modelling. In distilling the key lessons learned, we also identify where further research is needed to fill knowledge gaps and improve the utility and relevance of the outputs from OzFlux. Extreme climate variability across Australia and New Zealand (droughts and flooding rains) provides a natural laboratory for a global understanding of ecosystems in this time of accelerating climate change. As evidence of worsening global fire risk emerges, the natural ability of these ecosystems to recover from disturbances, such as fire and cyclones, provides lessons on adaptation and resilience to disturbance. Drought and heatwaves are common occurrences across large parts of the region and can tip an ecosystem's carbon budget from a net CO2 sink to a net CO2 source. Despite such responses to stress, ecosystems at OzFlux sites show their resilience to climate variability by rapidly pivoting back to a strong carbon sink upon the return of favourable conditions. Located in under‐represented areas, OzFlux data have the potential for reducing uncertainties in global remote sensing products, and these data provide several opportunities to develop new theories and improve our ecosystem models. The accumulated impacts of these lessons over the last 20 years highlights the value of long‐term flux observations for natural and managed systems. A future vision for OzFlux includes ongoing and newly developed synergies with ecophysiologists, ecologists, geologists, remote sensors and modellers.

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“…According to Wall et al (2020), the production of grass mulch enables a large root deposition in various stages of decomposition, due to the constant cycling of fine roots that are mostly concentrated in the surface layer, and thus contribute as food for epigeal fauna, favoring their multiplication. In turn, areas of native vegetation have a continuous input of a diverse range of easily decomposable organic material, which allows colonization by different organisms (Vasconcelos et al, 2020).…”

Section: /8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigean fauna in no-till systems, pasture, eucalyptus and native savanna in Uruçuí, Piauí, Brazil

Gualberto

Cunha

Vogado

et al. 2021

Agraria

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The soil fauna is one of the bioindicators of soil quality that has greater sensitivity, being easily altered by changes that occur in natural and agricultural ecosystems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the density and diversity of the soil macrofauna and the functional groups of the epigeal macrofauna that are most representative in no-tillage, pasture, eucalyptus cultivation and native savanna systems in Uruçuí, Piauí, Brazil. Five soil management systems were used: pasture (PAS); no tillage soybean in corn straw (NT1); no tillage of corn under straw of mombaça grass (NT2); eucalyptus (EUC), in addition to a savanna area used as a reference (FA). Fauna collection was performed using pitfall traps containing 4% formaldehyde. The fauna was evaluated by the number of individuals per trap per day, wealth, average wealth, Shannon's diversity index and Pielou's uniformity index. The data was subjected to analysis of variance, and when significant, was subjected to the Friedman test. The pasture system had the least impact on edaphic fauna when compared to native savanna forest and when compared to management systems and the collembola, orthoptera and diptera groups were the most abundant in the studied management systems.

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Quantifying carbon losses from periodic maize silage cropping of permanent temperate pastures

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Attributes of resilient pasture for achieving environmental outcomes at farm scale

Attributes of resilient pasture for achieving environmental outcomes at farm scale

Bridge to the future: Important lessons from 20 years of ecosystem observations made by the OzFlux network

Epigean fauna in no-till systems, pasture, eucalyptus and native savanna in Uruçuí, Piauí, Brazil

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