Quantifying collective intelligence and behaviours of SARS-CoV-2 via environmental resources from virus’ perspectives

Chen, Ray-Ming

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111278

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition, if the lockdown policy does not work, one should further explore the underlying reasons for the failure: whether it is people who are reluctant to comply with the rules or whether the viruses are clever enough to detour around the lockdown policies. 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whether County Lockdown Could Deter the Contagion of COVID-19 in the USA

Chen¹

2021

RMHP

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Aim Whether to lock down a country or not during COVID-19 pandemic becomes a vital issue, since it affects people’s daily life. The objective of this research is to design a measurement that could be utilised to predict the efficacy of a lockdown decision. Methods One would expect that the effectiveness of lockdown lies in the assumption that the virus spreads from one area to another area in a rippling way. If the virus spreads in a radiating way, then lockdown should be an effective countermeasure to contain the pandemic. On the other hand, if it spreads indiscernibly or randomly, then a lockdown decision would have lesser or little effect on the containment. We mainly combine graphs and metric to compute correlation matrices, which would measure whether the virus spreads in a rippling way. The metric used is to measure the boundary (or county) distances between counties. We take 3073 counties and equivalents in the USA and explore the property of contagion with respect to distance. The distance between any two counties is measured by the number of neighbours (or counties) between them. Then, we study the relation between contagion and distances. The relation between distance (complexity of neighbouring) and confirmed cases (contagion) is further explored. Results Then, we study the relation between contagion and distances. The relation between distance (complexity of neighbouring) and confirmed cases (contagion) could be explored. Our research shows county lockdown in the USA plays no important role in containing the spread of coronavirus for the time being. Conclusion Rippling effect in the USA regarding COVID-19 is not significant. This indicates other robust approaches or policies should be taken into consideration, rather than a simple lockdown policy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whether County Lockdown Could Deter the Contagion of COVID-19 in the USA

Chen¹

2021

RMHP

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“…The spread of this pandemic is studied by many researchers [ 4 – 7 ]. There are many ways to look into the behaviours of the viruses or the pandemic itself [ 8 , 9 ], including for the efficacy of travel ban or lockdown [ 10 ]. Nowadays more and more papers are focusing on the efficacy and effectiveness of vaccine against all sorts of variants of SARS-CoV-2 [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing deaths and confirmed cases of COVID-19 pandemic by analytical approaches

Chen

2022

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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In this work, the time series of growth rates regarding confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 for several sampled countries are investigated via an introduction of an orthonormal basis. This basis, which is served as the feature benchmark, reveals the hidden features of COVID-19 via the magnitude of Fourier coefficients. These coefficients are ranked in the form of ranking vectors for all the sampled countries. Based on these and Manhattan metric, we then perform spectral clustering to categorise the countries. Unlike the classical cosine similarity analysis which, relatively speaking, is a composite index and hard to identify the features of the categorised countries, spectral analysis delves into the internal structures or dynamical trend of the time series. This research shows there is no single feature that dominates the trend of the growth rates. It also reveals that results from the spectral analysis are different from the ones of cosine similarity. In the end, some approximated values of the confirmed cases and deaths are also calculated by the spectral analysis.

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“…The spread of this pandemic is has been studied by many researchers (3)(4)(5)(6). There are many ways to look into the behaviors of the viruses or the pandemic itself (7,8) for the sake of efficacy of travel bans or vaccines (9). Some researches have even have established the relations between cases and deaths of COVID-19 from demographic, economic, and social perspectives (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Similarities and Distances of Growth Rates Related to COVID-19 Between Different Countries Based on Spectral Analysis

Chen

2021

Front. Public Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic has taken more than 1.78 million of lives across the globe. Identifying the underlying evolutive patterns between different countries would help us single out the mutated paths and behavior of this virus. I devise an orthonormal basis which would serve as the features to relate the evolution of one country's cases and deaths to others another's via coefficients from the inner product. Then I rank the coefficients measured by the inner product via the featured frequencies. The distances between these ranked vectors are evaluated by Manhattan metric. Afterwards, I associate each country with its nearest neighbor which shares the evolutive pattern via the distance matrix. Our research shows such patterns is are not random at all, i.e., the underlying pattern could be contributed to by some factors. In the end, I perform the typical cosine similarity on the time-series data. The comparison shows our mechanism differs from the typical one, but is also related to each it in some way. These findings reveal the underlying interaction between countries with respect to cases and deaths of COVID-19.

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Quantifying collective intelligence and behaviours of SARS-CoV-2 via environmental resources from virus’ perspectives

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Whether County Lockdown Could Deter the Contagion of COVID-19 in the USA

Whether County Lockdown Could Deter the Contagion of COVID-19 in the USA

Analysing deaths and confirmed cases of COVID-19 pandemic by analytical approaches

The Similarities and Distances of Growth Rates Related to COVID-19 Between Different Countries Based on Spectral Analysis

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