Quantifying demand flexibility of power-to-heat and thermal energy storage in the control of building heating systems

Finck, Christian; Li, Rongling; Kramer, Rick; Zeiler, W Wim

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.036

Cited by 183 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For, the TGA test, the sample was heated at a 3 °C⋅min −1 heating rate and stayed isothermal at 80 °C for 420 minutes. After 60 min, the sample's mass dropped to 74.6% of its initial weight, indicating a loss of five molecules of water, as shown in Equation (12). These results were in good agreement with values available in the literature [72,73].…”

Section: Mgso ⋅ 7h O ⇌ Mgso ⋅ 25h O 45h O δH 1022 J ⋅ G 79 °C (8)supporting

confidence: 88%

“…THSS can be used in a smart grid system to manage peak power demands as well. Demand side management can be aided with the implementation of thermal storage systems by reducing the required number of alternative heat sources used in houses [12]. THSS are regarded as a promising heat storage technology with the capability of utilizing both sorption and chemical reactions to generate heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Novel Composite Materials for Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems

et al. 2020

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Increasing energy prices make space heating more expensive every year in The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries. Thermochemical heat storage systems (THSS) can be used to reduce residential energy consumption for space heating and to control humidity. Utilizing compressed thermochemical pellets as heat storage materials is a way to increase volumetric energy storage capacity and to improve the performance of the THSS. In this work, expanded natural graphite (ENG), activated carbon (AC), strontium bromide, and magnesium sulphate were mixed in different mass ratios and compressed under applied pressures in a range of 0.77 to 5.2 kN⋅mm−2 to form composite pellets with a diameter of 12 and 25 mm, respectively, and a thickness from 1.5 to 25 mm. These pellets were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Cyclic tests of hydration at 20 °C and dehydration at 85 °C were conducted to investigate changes in the surface morphology and the heat and mass transfer characteristics of the composite pellets. The permeability and thermal conductivity of the composite pellets were also measured. It was found that the structural stability of the pellets was enhanced by increasing the compression pressure. Utilizing AC and ENG in the composite mixture enhanced the porosity, thermal conductivity, and the permeability of the pellets.

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Section: Mgso ⋅ 7h O ⇌ Mgso ⋅ 25h O 45h O δH 1022 J ⋅ G 79 °C (8)supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Novel Composite Materials for Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems

et al. 2020

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“…Progressively decreasing prices for sensing, communication, and computing devices will open up possibilities for improved controls for demand response (DR) as future management systems will be more affordable. A number of studies have investigated the building energy flexibility with a special focus on building heating systems [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In those studies, DR measures have been applied to electric heating systems, such as heat pump systems or direct electric heating systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation Method for the Hourly Average CO2eq. Intensity of the Electricity Mix and Its Application to the Demand Response of Residential Heating

Clauß

Stinner

Solli³

et al. 2019

Energies

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This work introduces a generic methodology to determine the hourly average CO2eq. intensity of the electricity mix of a bidding zone. The proposed method is based on the logic of input–output models and avails the balance between electricity generation and demand. The methodology also takes into account electricity trading between bidding zones and time-varying CO2eq. intensities of the electricity traded. The paper shows that it is essential to take into account electricity imports and their varying CO2eq. intensities for the evaluation of the CO2eq. intensity in Scandinavian bidding zones. Generally, the average CO2eq. intensity of the Norwegian electricity mix increases during times of electricity imports since the average CO2eq. intensity is normally low because electricity is mainly generated from hydropower. Among other applications, the CO2eq. intensity can be used as a penalty signal in predictive controls of building energy systems since ENTSO-E provides 72 h forecasts of electricity generation. Therefore, as a second contribution, the demand response potential for heating a single-family residential building based on the hourly average CO2eq. intensity of six Scandinavian bidding zones is investigated. Predictive rule-based controls are implemented into a building performance simulation tool (here IDA ICE) to study the influence that the daily fluctuations of the CO2eq. intensity signal have on the potential overall emission savings. The results show that control strategies based on the CO2eq. intensity can achieve emission reductions, if daily fluctuations of the CO2eq. intensity are large enough to compensate for the increased electricity use due to load shifting. Furthermore, the results reveal that price-based control strategies usually lead to increased overall emissions for the Scandinavian bidding zones as the operation is shifted to nighttime, when cheap carbon-intensive electricity is imported from the continental European power grid.

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“…The work of [19] also follows a bottom-up approach in line with [17], focusing on building energy systems. The authors of [20] introduce a flexibility index, and the authors of [21] an instantaneous power flexibility indicator to quantify the flexibility of the thermal systems of buildings. However, these approaches are suited for larger loads, and require high knowledge of the underlying flexible units.…”

Section: Flexibility Modelling Under Limited Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental flexibility identification of aggregated residential thermal loads using behind-the-meter data

et al. 2019

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Quantifying demand flexibility of power-to-heat and thermal energy storage in the control of building heating systems

Cited by 183 publications

References 63 publications

Investigation of Novel Composite Materials for Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems

Investigation of Novel Composite Materials for Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems

Evaluation Method for the Hourly Average CO2eq. Intensity of the Electricity Mix and Its Application to the Demand Response of Residential Heating

Experimental flexibility identification of aggregated residential thermal loads using behind-the-meter data

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