Quantifying Fine-Scale Variability in Pollutant Deposition in Complex Terrain Using 210Pb Inventories in Soil

Fowler, D.; Smith, Ron; Leith, Ian D.; Crossley, A.; Mourne, Richard W.; Branford, D.; Moghaddam, M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0906-4_42

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This figure indicates that several decades after the termination of atmospheric tests and few decades after Chernobyl accident, a considerable amount of 137 Cs is still found in the surface layer of soil in the region. Cesium-137 soil inventories are relatively higher in high elevated forest areas, which is due to orographic effects including occult deposition and seeder-feeder mechanism (Fowler et al 1998). A wide strip including areas of higher surface activities (>30 Bq kg −1 ) corresponds to brown forest soil type with a higher retention capability for deposited 137 Cs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of soil 137Cs in the South Caspian region

Khoshbinfar

Moghaddam

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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In a comprehensive program of environmental radioactivity survey in South Caspian region, (137)Cs inventories in soil has been measured at more than 50 sites in the Iranian northern province of Guilan. This has been the first wide-range survey of soil radionuclide inventories in the narrow band sensitive ecosystem of south Caspian shore. Radioactivity measurements were carried out using HPGe gamma-spectrometry system. The activity concentration of (137)Cs in surface soil exhibits a mean value of 17.6 ± 9.4 Bq kg(-1), with a range of 2.3-41.7 Bq kg(-1). In many sites, split-level sampling method has been applied down to a depth of 20 cm. There were found generally two profiles. Most profiles exhibit a negative exponential distribution, while others revealed a clear subsurface peak in 5-10-cm layer. Cesium deposition in the study area has been estimated to be in the range of 0.38-2.9 kBq m(-2) with a mean value of 1.7 kBq m(-2). Distribution patterns of (137)Cs concentration levels and deposition values have been estimated using Kriging interpolation method. Observed hotspots in deposition pattern coincide with areas of higher precipitation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of soil 137Cs in the South Caspian region

Khoshbinfar

Moghaddam

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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“…We used Pb dry values found in the literature for remote boreal forests (mean 38, 1r = ±26), to describe P t at Kulba¨cksliden (Bergkvist et al 1989;Fowler et al 1998;Ukonmaanaho et al 2001). The total atmospheric deposition models for the two sites are shown in Figure 3b.…”

Section: Mean Residence Time (Mrt) Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Mean Residence Time of Lead in the Organic Horizon of Boreal Forest Soils using 210-lead, Stable Lead and a Soil Chronosequence

et al. 2006

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Knowledge about the residence time of lead in the organic horizon (mor layer; O-horizon) overlaying forest mineral soils is important for the prediction of past and future lead levels in the boreal environment. To estimate the mean residence time (MRT) of lead in the mor layer, we use in this study from Northern Sweden three different approaches: (1) lead-210 is applied as a tracer of lead migration; (2) estimations of loss rates of stable lead (concentrations and 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratios) from the mor layer at an undisturbed forest setting, and (3) a study of lead in a soil series with sites of different age (a chronosequence of 20-220 years). In the last two approaches we compared measured inventories in the soil with estimated inventories derived using analyses of lake sediments. The results suggested a MRT of about 250 years in the mor layer in the mature forest and in the older parts of the chronosequence it was at least >170 years. The agreement between the three different approaches gives good credibility to this estimate. It is also supported by a modeling of trends in the 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratio both between single cores and with depth in the mor layer. Our results suggest that it will take centuries for the deeper parts of the mor layer of undisturbed boreal forest soils to fully respond to decreased atmospheric lead pollution. However, data from the chronosequence indicate that the response could be much faster (MRT<50 years) in the mor layer at early stages of forest succession where graminoid and broadleaved litter fall dominates over conifer litter.

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“…Several of the isotopes in the decay series from 238 U to stable 206 Pb have been applied in environmental research (Fowler et al 1998). The 210 Pb (half‐life = 22.3 years) formed by radioactive decay of 222 Rn through a series of short‐lived intermediates has been widely applied as a tracer of atmospheric transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Termite ecology in a dry evergreen forest in Thailand in terms of stable (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and radio (¹⁴C, ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb) isotopes

Tayasu

Nakamura²,

Oda³

et al. 2002

Ecological Research

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Stable (δ13C and δ15N) and radio‐ (14C, 137Cs and 210Pb) isotopes were determined for termites that have been sampled from a dry evergreen forest in Thailand. A wood‐feeding termite, Microcerotermes crassus, was separated from soil‐feeders: Termes propinquus, Termes comis and Dicuspiditermes makhamensis by δ13C and δ15N values. The Termes group in Thailand had less diverse values in δ13C and δ15N than those in Australia, where the feeding habits of the ‘Termes’ group are more diverse. Other soil‐feeding termites produced similar δ13C values, but a larger range in δ15N values. 14C‐percent modern carbon (pMC) values suggest that the soil‐feeding termites used younger carbon than the wood‐feeding termites, and this was consistent with the termites from Cameroon, central Africa. Values of δ13C and 14C‐pMC indicate that surface soil was used by a soil‐feeding termite, D. makhamensis, in making the nest mounds, and deeper soil (10–30 cm) by a fungus‐growing termite, Macrotermes carbonarius. 210Pb and 137Cs were scarcely incorporated into the termites, although 214Pb was recovered from the workers. The results suggest that stable‐ and radioisotopes are useful in the study of detritivorous animals, organic matter decomposition and ecosystem engineering.

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Quantifying Fine-Scale Variability in Pollutant Deposition in Complex Terrain Using 210Pb Inventories in Soil

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Spatial variability of soil 137Cs in the South Caspian region

Spatial variability of soil 137Cs in the South Caspian region

Estimating the Mean Residence Time of Lead in the Organic Horizon of Boreal Forest Soils using 210-lead, Stable Lead and a Soil Chronosequence

Termite ecology in a dry evergreen forest in Thailand in terms of stable (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and radio (¹⁴C, ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb) isotopes

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Quantifying Fine-Scale Variability in Pollutant Deposition in Complex Terrain Using 210Pb Inventories in Soil

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Spatial variability of soil 137Cs in the South Caspian region

Spatial variability of soil 137Cs in the South Caspian region

Estimating the Mean Residence Time of Lead in the Organic Horizon of Boreal Forest Soils using 210-lead, Stable Lead and a Soil Chronosequence

Termite ecology in a dry evergreen forest in Thailand in terms of stable (δ13C and δ15N) and radio (14C, 137Cs and 210Pb) isotopes

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Termite ecology in a dry evergreen forest in Thailand in terms of stable (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and radio (¹⁴C, ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb) isotopes