Quantifying forest loss and forest degradation in Myanmar’s “home of teak”

Kyaw, Thu Ya; Germain, René H.; Stehman, Stephen V.; Quackenbush, Lindi J.

doi:10.1139/cjfr-2018-0508

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thailand produced approximately 71,954.53 m 3 of teak plantation timber and exported wood products worth 1.1 billion baht overseas in 2018, according to the Forest Industry Organization (FIO) [14]. However, teak logs produced from natural teak forests are declining due to illegal logging, over-cutting, deforestation, and land-use changes [3,4,9,10]. Since 1953, there has been a 94% decline in Thailand's important natural teak forests [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-based Traceability for Teak Identity: A Transformational Approach

Sheng,

Wicha

2024

JMM

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The Southern regions of India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Indonesia are where teak originated. Teak is a high-value wood that used to be an export good for Thailand, bringing in a lot of money. Thailand produced approximately 71,954.53 m3 of teak plantation timber and exported wood products worth 1.1 billion baht overseas in 2018, according to the Forest Industry Organization (FIO). Due to its high demand, there is also a chance that smuggled wood from within the country or wood that has been illegally obtained abroad will enter the supply chain. Encroachment and illegal logging are still major problems in Thailand. Blockchain technology has become extremely popular due to its distinctive immutability and traceability properties, which have the opportunity to overcome a variety of issues. In order to get rid of illegal teak timber and achieve traceable, transparent, and reliable teak data that is moved through the teak supply chain, we present a decentralized application (DApp) based on the Ethereum blockchain that implements a traceability system for teak identity. According to the findings of the experiment, our DApp achieves a good trade-off between the system’s gas cost of 116K (2.53 USD) to store data in the Ethereum blockchain and provide high security, transparency, privacy, resilience, and robustness. We observed that the newly proposed blockchain-based system can reduce illegal logging, the usage of paper-based documentation, and the time needed to validate the documentation in teak supply chain controls when we compared it to the traditional process used in the supply chain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-based Traceability for Teak Identity: A Transformational Approach

Sheng,

Wicha

2024

JMM

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“…However, the global teakwood supply from the natural teak forests has been dwindling since the early 21 st century (FAO, 2009;Pandey and Brown, 2000). It has Wood Physical and Mechanical Properties of Clonal Teak (Tectona grandis) Stands Under Different Thinning and Pruning Intensity Levels Planted in Java, Indonesia also been forecasted that the natural teak forests will not be able to sustainably meet the demand for teakwood in the global market due to some critical environmental issues (FAO, 2015;Kyaw et al, 2020;Mon et al, 2012). However, teak plantations have a good prospect of sustainably supplying teak timber in the global market since the cultivation has been successfully established in 65 countries outside its natural distribution (Koskela et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Physical and Mechanical Properties of Clonal Teak (Tectona grandis) Stands Under Different Thinning and Pruning Intensity Levels Planted in Java, Indonesia

SETA¹,

Hidayati²,

Widiyatno³

et al. 2023

J. Korean Wood Sci. Technol.

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The objective of this study was to reveal the impact of thinning and pruning regimes on the physical and mechanical properties of clonal teak wood planted in Java. In this study, a 15-year-old clonal teak plantation was carried out and the obtained data were evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that different thinning intensities had a significant impact on the alteration of heartwood volume development (F = 25.63; p < 0.0001). Meanwhile, the impact of different thinning treatments in several physical properties depends on the pruning treatment levels [moisture content (F = 12.18, p < 0.0001); tangential shrinkage (F = 15.60, p < 0.0001); T/R ratio (F = 7.17, p < 0.0001); and volumetric shrinkage (F = 10.81, p < 0.0001)]. However, different thinning intensities had no significant impact on wood basic density alteration (F = 0.72, p = 0.486), while pruning intensities affect the differences between radial (F = 3.52, p = 0.030) and volumetric shrinkage (F = 3.13, p = 0.044). In mechanical properties, thinning intensity levels did not promote any significant differences [modulus of elasticity (F = 1.41, p = 0.248); modulus of rupture (F = 0.94, p = 0.392); compressive strength parallel to grain (F = 0.21, p = 0.813); and compressive strength perpendicular to the grain (F = 0.41, p = 0.669)]. Meanwhile, different pruning treatments and combination treatments were not significantly altered all mechanical properties. These results indicated that the thinning and pruning regimes can enhance the mechanical properties without having a serious alteration in the physical properties of clonal teak wood.

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“…The Bago Yoma region in Myanmar was once regarded as the 'home of teak' (Kermode 1964). However, changes in land cover between 2000 and in four reserved forests of the Bago mountain range showed that forest area declined from 71,240 ha in 2000 to 40,891 ha in 2017, and the area of degraded forests increased from 88,797 ha to 97,013 ha (Kyaw et al 2020). In consideration of the current teak forests and quality, it is important to emphasize the role of tree improvement and genetic resource conservation in Myanmar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the performance on phenotypic traits of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) provenances across two trial sites in Myanmar

Sett,

Lee,

Kim

et al. 2023

Silvae Genetica

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This study was conducted to examine the variation and growth performance among eight and nine provinces at age 15 years in two trial sites in Myanmar. At the Ngalaik Reserved Forest (Ngalaik RF), the survival rates of provenances ranged from 62.4 % to 80.8 %. The Kanbalu followed by the Oaktwin and Nattalin provenances had the best survival rates at 80.8 %, 79.2 %, and 77.6 % respectively. Likewise, the survival rates ranged from 25.6 % to 74.4 % at the Yenwe Reserved Forest (Yenwe RF). The Nattalin followed by the Bago and Oaktwin provenances had the best survival rates at 74.4 %, 65.6 %, and 63.2 % respectively. The differences in stem form were found to be significant at both sites, whereas 36.24 % of teak in Ngalaik RF and 20.23 % in Yenwe RF were recorded in the class of straight tree. Based on the overall assessment of traits, teak trees in the provenances of Ngalaik RF had much better traits quality than that of Yenwe RF. According to analyses, the Bago provenance was outstanding among the provenances, followed by Phyu, Nattalin, and Paukkhaung provenances at both sites. The best-performing Bago provenance likely grew 10 % betterthan the average volume at Ngalaik RF, 1.4 % more than the average at the Yenwe RF. Among all provenances at both sites, the Thabeikkyin provenance was likely to separate as the poorest one. Based on the results, the selection of mother trees (plus trees) would make a great contribution to the application of future tree improvement programs in Myanmar.

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Quantifying forest loss and forest degradation in Myanmar’s “home of teak”

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Blockchain-based Traceability for Teak Identity: A Transformational Approach

Blockchain-based Traceability for Teak Identity: A Transformational Approach

Wood Physical and Mechanical Properties of Clonal Teak (Tectona grandis) Stands Under Different Thinning and Pruning Intensity Levels Planted in Java, Indonesia

Assessing the performance on phenotypic traits of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) provenances across two trial sites in Myanmar

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