Quantifying Ground Subsidence Associated with Aquifer Overexploitation Using Space-Borne Radar Interferometry in Kabul, Afghanistan

Meldebekova, Gauhar; Yu, Chen; Li, Zhenhong; Song, Chuang

doi:10.3390/rs12152461

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Time dependent soil consolidation [83] due to dewatering or other groundwater regime disturbance could explain the continued subsidence after the completion of the crossover cavern excavation. The duration of continued subsidence would depend on the amount of clay within the drained sediments [10,[84][85][86][87][88], as clays are more compressible and possess a lower hydraulic conductivity than larger grain sizes [89]. There would also be potential for hydro-mechanically coupled ground rebound post groundwater table recovery [90].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Urban Excavation Induced Deformation in 3D via Multiplatform InSAR Time-Series

2021

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Excavation of a subway station and rail crossover cavern in downtown Los Angeles, California, USA, induced over 1.8 cm of surface settlement between June 2018 and February 2019 as measured by a ground-based monitoring system. Point measurements of surface deformation above the excavation were extracted by applying Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time-series analyses to data from multiple sensors with different wavelengths. These sensors include C-band Sentinel-1, X-band COSMO-SkyMed, and L-band Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR (UAVSAR). The InSAR time-series point measurements were interpolated to continuous distribution surfaces, weighted by distance, and entered into the Minimum-Acceleration (MinA) algorithm to calculate 3D displacement values. This dataset, composed of satellite and airborne SAR data from X, C, and L band sensors, revealed previously unidentified deformation surrounding the 2nd Street and Broadway Subway Station and the adjacent rail crossover cavern, with maximum vertical and horizontal deformations reaching 2.5 cm and 1.7 cm, respectively. In addition, the analysis shows that airborne SAR data with alternative viewing geometries to traditional polar-orbiting SAR satellites can be used to constrain horizontal displacements in the North-South direction while maintaining agreement with ground-based data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Urban Excavation Induced Deformation in 3D via Multiplatform InSAR Time-Series

2021

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“…6, the maximum decline in groundwater level is observed in the south-western part of Paghman-Darulaman aquifer and north-western part of Central Kabul aquifer (>60 m). The sharp drop of groundwater level in the aforementioned areas is most likely due to the lower storativity of the aquifer (Landell Mills 2020a; Meldebekova et al 2020). Figure 6 shows that during 13 years, groundwater levels declined all across the Kabul Plain, except in a small area in Bagrami district, where the water table rose about 2 m over the considered period.…”

Section: Water-table Fluctuationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effects of urbanization on the groundwater system of the Kabul shallow aquifers, Afghanistan

2022

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The capital city of Afghanistan, Kabul, has experienced rapid urbanization since the end of 2001. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of rapid urbanization on the Kabul aquifer system, which is the main source of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial use in the area. Satellite imagery, groundwater levels and rainfall historical data were analyzed in conjunction with physico-chemical parameters that were measured at 27 water wells located in the Kabul Plain in 2020. Land-cover maps indicate that the urban surface area increased by 40% between 2000 and 2020, whilst the agricultural surface area simultaneously decreased by 32%. Meanwhile the Kabul Plain has globally experienced a severe decrease in groundwater levels (-0.8 m/year on average, and a fall of 60 m in some places) due to overabstraction, which has also seen changes in groundwater flow directions. Hydrochemistry, on the other hand, reveals that chloride concentrations and salinity increased throughout the aquifer between 2005 and 2020, while the nitrate concentration decreased in most places of the Kabul Plain over the considered period. The results suggest that rapid urbanization has had serious detrimental effects on both groundwater quantity and quality. Without urgent preventive policy and the implementation of effective practices, groundwater resource depletion and groundwater quality deterioration in the Kabul shallow aquifers are likely to continue in the future.

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“…A complex geological environment is often an important factor that impacts land subsidence [41]. As mentioned earlier, almost all of the land subsidence occurred in the infilling area.…”

Section: Natural Drivers Of Subsidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Topographic Changes and Land Subsidence Associated with the Mountain Excavation and City Construction on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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A mega project, Mountain Excavation and City Construction (MECC), was launched in the hilly and gully region of the Chinese Loess Plateau in 2012, in order to address the shortage of available land and create new flat land for urban construction. However, large-scale land creation and urban expansion significantly alters the local geological environment, leading to severe ground deformation. This study investigated the topographic changes, ground deformation, and their interactions due to the MECC project in the Yan’an New District (YND). First, new surface elevations were generated using ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) stereo images acquired after the construction in order to map the local topographic changes and the fill thickness associated with the MECC project. Then, the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series and 32 Sentinel-1A images were used to assess the spatial patterns of the ground deformation in the YND during the postconstruction period (2017–2018). By combining the InSAR-derived results and topographic change features, the relationship between the ground deformation and large-scale land creation was further analyzed. The results indicated that the MECC project in the YND has created over 22 km2 of flat land, including 10.8 km2 of filled area, with a maximum fill thickness of ~110 m. Significant uneven ground deformation was detected in the land-creation area, with a maximum subsidence rate of approximately 121 mm/year, which was consistent with the field survey. The strong correlation between the observed subsidence patterns and the land creation project suggested that this recorded uneven subsidence was primarily related to the spatial distribution of the filling works, along with the changes in the thickness and geotechnical properties of the filled loess; moreover, rapid urbanization, such as road construction, can accelerate the subsidence process. These findings can guide improvements in urban planning and the mitigation of geohazards in regions experiencing large-scale land construction.

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Quantifying Ground Subsidence Associated with Aquifer Overexploitation Using Space-Borne Radar Interferometry in Kabul, Afghanistan

Cited by 16 publications

References 59 publications

Mapping Urban Excavation Induced Deformation in 3D via Multiplatform InSAR Time-Series

Mapping Urban Excavation Induced Deformation in 3D via Multiplatform InSAR Time-Series

The effects of urbanization on the groundwater system of the Kabul shallow aquifers, Afghanistan

Characterizing the Topographic Changes and Land Subsidence Associated with the Mountain Excavation and City Construction on the Chinese Loess Plateau

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