Quantifying in situ and modeling net nitrogen mineralization from soil organic matter in arable cropping systems

Effect of slow‐release nitrogen on the nitrogen availability in an andisol and the critical nitrogen concentration in wheat

“…Also, N transformation processes and fluxes in the soil determine the main form of N taken up by plants (Cui et al., 2017; Luce, Whalen, Ziadi, & Zebarth, 2011). These N transformation processes in the soil, such as mineralization, nitrification, and immobilization (Clivot et al., 2017), in addition to the potential N losses from this mineral N pool, through leaching and gaseous emissions from the soil (McAllister, Beatty, & Good, 2012), regulate and define the dominant inorganic N forms and their fluxes in the soil (Osterholz et al., 2017). These are all, thus, relevant aspects to consider in the control of N fertilizer's uptake by plants, regardless of the type of crop (Cassman et al., 2002; Gastal et al., 2015).…”

“…Therefore, it is important to consider that soil N availability could be affected also by the type of soil, soil organic matter's physical location, texture, water content, and temperature (Luce et al., 2011). Conversely, when the values of mineral N were negative, it represented an increase in extraction by the crop or a greater loss in the system (Chen, Liu, Tian, Yan, & Zhang, 2014); when an excess of fertilizer is applied, up to 70% of the N is lost from agricultural systems to the environment (Cassman et al., 2002), due principally to surface run‐off, leaching (Sinclair & Rufty, 2012), volatilization, and immobilization (Clivot et al., 2017; McAllister et al., 2012). In the application strategies SA and AT, the amount of N available in the soil was greater than the amount of mineral N present in the control plot, during each sampling performed, although the exact variation depended on the N dose applied.…”

“…When rainfall occurred in the early stages of crop growth and the fertilizer was applied all to sowing (AS), the mineral N between a depth of 0 and 20 cm decreased in the first moments of sampling. The relationships among available N and soil properties can be used across a widespread range of soils, agro‐climatic conditions (Nendel et al., 2019), and cropping systems (Clivot et al., 2017). When relationships change with depth, it is possible to estimate the distribution of mineralizable N pools at different soil depths and thus know how N availability changes throughout the soil profile (Dessureault‐Rompré et al., 2010, 2016).…”

Carbon Dioxide Emission and Soil Sequestration for the French Agro-Food System: Present and Prospective Scenarios

“…Therefore, we used the estimation of SOC trajectories in agricultural soil of French regions from 1852 to 2014 already calculated by Le Noë et al (2019) to initialize the calculation of the future scenarios. Data sources to estimate C inputs to cropland and grassland include the harvested production and number of livestock reported by Agreste (2017) for the 1970-2014 period and by non-digitized official registers (available from Gallica.bnf.fr) from 1852 to 1965, the coefficient of animal excretion rates for current and past periods (Le Noë et al, 2018) for the 39 livestock categories considered, humification rates of fresh C inputs (Justes et al, 2009;Clivot et al, 2017) and the distribution of manure application between cropland and grassland, which has been documented or estimated by Le Noë et al (2018). The mineralization rate of the soil labile organic C is a function of several pedo-climatic parameters: clay content, soil pH, soil carbonate content, air temperature, humidity and the soil C:N ratio (Clivot et al, 2017).…”

Dependencia Espacial Del Potencial De Nitrógeno Disponible Del Suelo en Dos Sitios Contrastantes

“…El nitrógeno (N) es uno de los nutrientes más importantes para el crecimiento y la productividad de los cultivos y la actividad microbiana en los ecosistemas terrestres (Urakawa et al, 2014). Sólo una fracción del N total presente en el suelo está directamente disponible para plantas y microorganismos (menor o igual al 5%), principalmente a la forma de N inorgánico como nitrato (NO 3 -) y amonio (NH 4 + ), y la mayor parte de N se encuentra en formas orgánicas ligadas a la MO de suelo, la que a su vez se transforma lentamente a formas inorgánicas disponibles a través del proceso de mineralización (Ros et al, 2011;Clivot et al, 2017). La disponibilidad de N del suelo (NH 4 + y NO 3 -) para el crecimiento de los cultivos depende naturalmente de la actividad microbiológica del suelo (Robertson y Groffman, 2015), de la fijación biológica de N atmosférico (N 2 ) y de la mineralización de la materia orgánica (MO).…”