Quantifying measuring errors of new residential water meters considering different customer consumption patterns

Arregui, Francisco J.; Balaguer, M.; Soriano, Javier; García-Serra, Jorge

doi:10.1080/1573062x.2014.993999

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Figure 9 also shows the ability of the manufacturers to produce meters with the same performance. Surprisingly, solid-state meters do not show any significant improvement in this respect to brand-new mechanical meters [ 26 ], especially when compared to oscillating piston meters. The tests conducted showed that meters of the same manufacturer can have an average measuring error throughout the tested range of more than 1.5%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Solid-State Residential Water Meters under Intermittent Flow Conditions

Arregui

Pastor-Jabaloyes

Mercedes

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Accurate water consumption measurement of customers is a crucial component of water utility sustainability. During the last decade, sophisticated measuring technologies without moving components, known as solid-state water meters or static meters, have emerged. Solid-state water meters promise an improved accuracy with more processing and transmission capabilities in comparison with traditional mechanical meters. A compromise needs to be reached between energy consumption and battery life as all these new features are extremely demanding on electric energy. The usual approach adopted by the manufacturer is to reduce the frequency with which static meters take measurements of the circulating flow. This reduction in signal sampling frequency can have a significant effect on the accuracy of the instruments when measuring water consumption events of 30 s or less, these events being common in residential customers. The research presented analyses of the metrological performance of 28 commercially available solid-state water meters from six different manufacturers in the presence of intermittent flows of various durations. The results show that the magnitude and dispersion of the error under intermittent flows is significantly larger in comparison to steady state flow conditions. The ultrasonic meters examined were more influenced by the intermittency than the electromagnetic meters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Solid-State Residential Water Meters under Intermittent Flow Conditions

Arregui

Pastor-Jabaloyes

Mercedes

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…It was based on three studies, two from the Gauteng region Taigbenu, 2016, 2019) and one from the Western Cape (Couvelis and Van Zyl, 2012a). The Western Cape was included as it provided representative data that aligned with international research better than the Gauteng data (Arregui et al, 2016). Also, the two datasets for the Gauteng data were from the same researchers, thus it was likely that the data source was the same.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research conducted in Uganda reported a similar proportional consumption of 14% below 15 L/h and 25% below 35 L/h (Mutikanga et al, 2011b). However, international research reports lower figures of between 4.7% and 10% below 12 L/h and between 7.3% and 14.9% below 36 L/h (Arregui et al, 2016;Arregui et al, 2018a). This contrast can be attributed to an increased incidence of on-site leakage experienced in South Africa (Couvelis and Van Zyl, 2012a; Ncube and Taigbenu, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical analysis of residential meter degradation in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Fourie

Joseph

2020

WSA

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Understanding the degradation rates of water meters assists utilities in making informed management decisions regarding meter replacement programmes and meter technology selection. This research evaluated the performance of 200 residential meters of two different technologies commonly used in Gauteng, South Africa, namely velocity meters and volumetric meters. This was done by conducting empirical meter testing in a verification laboratory and evaluating the degradation accuracy of each meter technology based on age and volume. Results indicate that velocity meters experience an accuracy degradation rate of approximately −1.13% per 1 000 kL of volume passed through the meter and an inferred initial error of −10.80%. Meter accuracy was not strongly related to age of the velocity meters tested. Volumetric meters did not exhibit a strong link with either age or accumulated volume, indicated by a loose grouping of results. These results indicate that accumulated volume of a velocity meter is a more reliable predictor of accuracy than age, and should be used when planning replacement strategies for velocity meters. Additionally, the lack of predictable degradation rates related to either age or accumulated volume for volumetric meters indicates that the accuracy of volumetric meters is primarily affected by other external factors, such as particulates or entrained air in the water network. These findings will assist utility managers in predicting the accuracy of their meter fleet and in making informed decisions regarding meter replacement.

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“…In contrast, Sumrak et al () reported inconsistent test results below 0.25 gpm for mechanical meters, with only one model of ND meter consistently registering 80% or greater accuracy at ⅟ 16 gpm. Arregui, Balaguer, Soriano, and García‐Sierra () tested European SJ and OP meters in new condition and also found that RE varied the most between meter technologies at low flow rates (i.e., 0.25 gpm and below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, Sumrak et al (2016) reported inconsistent test results below 0.25 gpm for mechanical meters, with only one model of ND meter consistently registering 80% or greater accuracy at 1 /16 gpm. Arregui, Balaguer, Soriano, and García-Sierra (2016) tested European SJ and OP meters in new condition and also found that RE varied the most between meter technologies at low flow rates (i.e., 0.25 gpm and below). Criminisi, Fontanazza, Freni, and La Loggia (2009) and Barfuss, Johnson, and Neilsen (2011) are among the few investigations studying the effects of service time (ST) and volumetric TP on meter performance, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of in‐service residential nutating disc water meter performance

2018

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This article reports the experimental evaluation of registry error of in‐service residential water meters and the effects of service time (ST) and volumetric throughput (TP). Nutating disc (ND) meters (413 total, consisting of two models) from a single water system were tested ex situ following AWWA‐recommended test flow rates (TQs). The meters sampled encompassed a range of ST (2–53 years) and TP (0.01–7.65 mil gal). Mean registration error (RE) at TQ ≤ 0.5 gpm was significantly greater for ST > 25 years, independent of TP. Mean RE at TQ = 0.25 gpm was −46.5% and −35.0% for meters with 25 < ST ≤ 33 years and ST ≥ 34 years, respectively. Severe underregistration (RE < −90%) at TQ = 0.25 gpm was observed in 41% and 24% of meters with 25 < ST ≤ 33 years and ST ≥ 34 years, respectively.

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Quantifying measuring errors of new residential water meters considering different customer consumption patterns

Abstract: 7Water meter measuring errors vary depending on the water flow rate. Therefore, the 8 discrepancy between the amount of water actually consumed and the volume registered by a 9 meter will differ depending on how water consumption is distributed by flow rates.

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Accuracy of Solid-State Residential Water Meters under Intermittent Flow Conditions

Accuracy of Solid-State Residential Water Meters under Intermittent Flow Conditions

An empirical analysis of residential meter degradation in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Evaluation of in‐service residential nutating disc water meter performance

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