Quantifying metal emissions from vehicular traffic using real world emission factors

Wang, Jonathan M.; Jeong, Cheol–Heon; Hilker, Nathan; Healy, Robert M.; Sofowote, Uwayemi M.; Debosz, Jerzy; Su, Yushan; Munoz, Anthony; Evans, Greg J.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115805

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In particular, the greater enhancement of barium, iron, copper, and antimony than other elements, at both near-road sites, confirms that these metals are associated with non-exhaust emissions (e.g., abrasion of vehicle brake pads and discs/drums) [9,61,62]. It has been reported that heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) are stronger emitters of Ba than low-duty vehicles (LDVs) because of the greater wear at each braking for an HDV than an LDV, as HDVs weigh more than LDVs [30,[63][64][65]. These findings are confirmed by the higher median concentration of Ba on weekdays, especially at the Toronto highway site (Figure S6a), where the higher fraction of HDVs was observed [47,65].…”

Section: Elemental Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…It has been reported that heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) are stronger emitters of Ba than low-duty vehicles (LDVs) because of the greater wear at each braking for an HDV than an LDV, as HDVs weigh more than LDVs [30,[63][64][65]. These findings are confirmed by the higher median concentration of Ba on weekdays, especially at the Toronto highway site (Figure S6a), where the higher fraction of HDVs was observed [47,65]. On the other hand, weekday and weekend median concentrations of Cu and Sb did not vary significantly at both near-road sites, indicating a source with similar patterns [40,41].…”

Section: Elemental Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada

Celo

Yassine

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska

2021

Toxics

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Traffic is a significant pollution source in cities and has caused various health and environmental concerns worldwide. Therefore, an improved understanding of traffic impacts on particle concentrations and their components could help mitigate air pollution. In this study, the characteristics and sources of trace elements in PM2.5 (fine), and PM10-2.5 (coarse), were investigated in dense traffic areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada, from 2015–2017. At nearby urban background sites, 24-h integrated PM samples were also concurrently collected. The PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 masses, and a number of elements (i.e., Fe, Ba, Cu, Sb, Zn, Cr), showed clear increases at each near-road site, related to the traffic emissions resulting from resuspension and/or abrasion sources. The trace elements showed a clear partitioning trend between PM2.5 and PM10-2.5, thus reflecting the origin of some of these elements. The application of positive matrix factorization (PMF) to the combined fine and coarse metal data (86 total), with 24 observations at each site, was used to determine the contribution of different sources to the total metal concentrations in fine and coarse PM. Four major sources were identified by the PMF model, including two traffic non-exhaust (crustal/road dust, brake/tire wear) sources, along with regional and local industrial sources. Source apportionment indicated that the resuspended crustal/road dust factor was the dominant contributor to the total coarse-bound trace element (i.e., Fe, Ti, Ba, Cu, Zn, Sb, Cr) concentrations produced by vehicular exhaust and non-exhaust traffic-related processes that have been deposited onto the surface. The second non-exhaust factor related to brake/tire wear abrasion accounted for a considerable portion of the fine and coarse elemental (i.e., Ba, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sb) mass at both near-road sites. Regional and local industry contributed mostly to the fine elemental (i.e., S, As, Se, Cd, Pb) concentrations. Overall, the results show that non-exhaust traffic-related processes were major contributors to the various redox-active metal species (i.e., Fe, Cu) in both PM fractions. In addition, a substantial proportion of these metals in PM2.5 was water-soluble, which is an important contributor to the formation of reactive oxygen species and, thus, may lead to oxidative damage to cells in the human body. It appears that controlling traffic non-exhaust-related metals emissions, in the absence of significant point sources in the area, could have a pronounced effect on the redox activity of PM, with broad implications for the protection of public health.

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Section: Elemental Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Elemental Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada

Celo

Yassine

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska

2021

Toxics

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“…Urban emissions of heavy metals related to traffic can be defined by three different sources: a) vehicle exhaust emissions, b) vehicle non-exhaust emissions (i.e., tyre abrasion and brake wear), and c) dust resuspension from the roadway ( Lough et al, 2005 , Wang et al, 2021 ). Vehicle exhaust emissions are associated with Zn, Pb, Ni, and Cr ( Johansson et al, 2009 , Men et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Fe, Zn and Cu (Adachia and Tainoshob, 2004; Johansson et al, 2009 ; Grigoratos and Martini, 2014), but also other metals such as Al, Ca, Mn, Ti, and Pb have been reported to originate from brake wear ( Adachi and Tainosho, 2004 , Hjortenkrans et al, 2007 , Kukutschová et al, 2011 ). Finally, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Ti are all typical geological marker elements, suggesting that resuspension controls their aerosol abundance ( Sternbeck et al, 2002 , Wang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic restrictions during COVID-19 lockdown improve air quality and reduce metal biodeposition in tree leaves

Soba

Gámez

Becerril

et al. 2022

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

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“…Particulate matter (PM) are mixtures of many chemical species including organic matter, elemental carbon, ions, various trace and major elements, etc. Despite contributing a small fraction to the total PM mass, the elements are a key component of PM due to their potential effects on humans and wildlife (Chow et al., 2015; Dabek‐Zlotorzynska et al., 2011; Mamun et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021; Wright et al., 2018). Most particulate elements are metals (e.g., Pb and Zn) and metalloids (e.g., As and Si).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Atmospheric Dry and Wet Deposition of Particulate Elements at Four Monitoring Sites in the Canadian Athabasca Oil Sands Region

et al. 2022

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Quantifying metal emissions from vehicular traffic using real world emission factors

Cited by 52 publications

References 73 publications

Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada

Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada

Traffic restrictions during COVID-19 lockdown improve air quality and reduce metal biodeposition in tree leaves

Estimation of Atmospheric Dry and Wet Deposition of Particulate Elements at Four Monitoring Sites in the Canadian Athabasca Oil Sands Region

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