“…PTIR characterization has been applied to investigate a wide array of samples including bacteria (28,29,(103)(104)(105)(106), cells (107)(108)(109)(110), lipids (111), proteins (112), polymers (30,(113)(114)(115)(116)(117)(118)(119)(120)(121), drugs (122,123), quantum dots (124), plasmonic nanostructures (97,(125)(126)(127), metal-organic frameworks (128), and organo-trihalide perovskites (129). PTIR setups require a pulsed, spectrally narrow, wavelength-tunable laser source; an AFM tip operating in contact mode; and far-field optics to focus light under the tip.…”