Quantifying Soft Tissue Loss in Facial Aging: A Study in Women Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Wysong, Ashley; Joseph, Tim; Kim, David; Tang, Jean Y.; Gladstone, Hayes B.

doi:10.1111/dsu.12362

Cited by 78 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The superficial fat volume of the infraorbital and perioral regions was significantly greater at the lower than the upper area, which confirms the trends found in previous studies (Gierloff et al, ; Schenck et al, ; Wysong et al, ). Based on these results, it is better to consider this area for volume restoration using filler, since the superficial fat volume of the upper area of the infraorbital region can naturally reduce with age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several diagnostic imaging devices methodologies such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography (US) have been commonly used to investigate the skin and the subcutaneous fat layer (Foissac et al, ; Gosain et al, ; Gülbitti et al, ; Iyengar et al, ; Schenck et al, ; Wysong et al, ). Due to technical limitation such as a localized low imaging resolution, previous studies could not demonstrate the topography of the skin and superficial fat thicknesses over the entire face.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional thickness of facial skin and superficial fat: Application to the minimally invasive procedures

et al. 2019

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Various recently introduced minimally invasive treatment modalities are now widely used for enhancing the aging face. In a special, filler is used to increase the volume of tissue, and so understanding the regional thickness and distribution of the facial superficial fat is essential for optimizing minimally invasive procedures. The aim of this study was to establish the overall facial skin and superficial fat thicknesses using a three-dimensional (3D) scanning system. From 53 adult Korean and Thai embalmed adult cadavers, the undissected and serially-dissected facial specimens were scanned and reconstructed. The facial skin and superficial fat thicknesses on seven facial regions were calculated from the superimposed images. The facial skin tended to become thicker in the order of the radix and dorsum, and the temple, supraorbital, forehead, perioral, cheek, and infraorbital areas. The skin was thinnest at radix and dorsum (1.51 AE 0.55 mm), and thickest in infraorbital region (1.97 AE 0.84 mm). The facial superficial fat thickness tended to increase in the order of the radix and dorsum, supraorbital, forehead, temple, cheek, infraorbital, and perioral regions. The superficial fat was thinnest at the radix and dorsum (1.61 AE 1.07 mm), and thickest in the perioral region (5.14 AE 3.31 mm). The facial superficial fat thickness tended to increase in the order of the radix and dorsum, supraorbital, forehead, temple, cheek, infraorbital, and perioral regions. The present findings indicate that 3D scanning system can yield crucial anatomical information about depths of the facial skin

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional thickness of facial skin and superficial fat: Application to the minimally invasive procedures

et al. 2019

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“…[10][11][12][13][14] This study did not find age at diagnosis to have a significant effect on eyebrow soft tissue expansion in patients with TED, although over time the eyebrow region did deflate. Patients with TED may be subject to the same volumetric deflation of the aging face, but the level of initial expansion is not age dependent.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Long-Term Evaluation of Eyebrow Soft Tissue Expansion in Thyroid Eye Disease

Moore

Rootman

Yeganeh³

et al. 2016

Ophthalmic Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Purpose: To evaluate the long-term transformation of lateral eyebrow soft tissue in a group of patients with known thyroid eye disease. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with a known diagnosis of thyroid eye disease with clinical photos available from both their initial diagnosis visit and at least 7 years following their initial visit was performed. Age at diagnosis, sex, disease activity, previous orbital, and eyelid surgery were noted, as was history of treatment with radioactive iodine, steroids, and external beam radiation. The area between the upper eyebrow and upper eyelid crease was evaluated in standardized photographs by a panel of 4 expert, independent, masked observers utilizing a previously published visual grading key. Results: One hundred and four patients met inclusion criteria. Fifteen participants were male and 89 were female. The mean patient age was 50.6 years (±1.21 years), and the mean follow up duration was 10.0 years (±0.23 years). The mean initial photo grade (1.24) was significantly higher than the mean follow up photo grade (1.00; p < 0.01). In logistic regression analyses, only the initial photograph grade was significantly associated with improvement in eyebrow soft tissue appearance (p < 0.01). Medical and surgical treatments were not significantly associated with changes in eyebrow soft tissue appearance (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Expansion of eyebrow soft tissue may improve over time in patients with thyroid eye disease. This change was not affected by age, sex, disease activity, surgery, or medical therapy.

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“…24,25 Filling this area in the younger Asian patient serves to shape the temple in conjunction with forehead augmentation ( Fig. 6 and Table 3).…”

Section: Temple Contouringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus Recommendations for Optimal Augmentation of the Asian Face with Hyaluronic Acid and Calcium Hydroxylapatite Fillers

Rho

Yao

Chao

et al. 2015

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Quantifying Soft Tissue Loss in Facial Aging: A Study in Women Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 78 publications

References 34 publications

Regional thickness of facial skin and superficial fat: Application to the minimally invasive procedures

Regional thickness of facial skin and superficial fat: Application to the minimally invasive procedures

Long-Term Evaluation of Eyebrow Soft Tissue Expansion in Thyroid Eye Disease

Consensus Recommendations for Optimal Augmentation of the Asian Face with Hyaluronic Acid and Calcium Hydroxylapatite Fillers

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