Quantifying tectonic versus erosive denudation by the sediment budget: the Miocene core complexes of the Alps

Kuhlemann, Joachim; Frisch, Wolfgang; Dunkl, İstván; Székely, Balázs

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(00)00209-2

Cited by 100 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Overall the erosion/sedimentation budget is not balanced in the sense that much more material is removed out of the system than is deposited (output > input). This is equivalent to the natural situation in the Alpine foreland basin, where more than half of the sediments have been carried out of the system by large rivers into the neighbouring sinks that are the Black sea, North sea and Mediterranean sea [Kuhlemann, 2000;Kuhlemann et al, 2001;Kuhlemann et al, 2002]. The erosion/sedimentation budgets in the experiments follow those estimated from the Alps.…”

Section: Fig 1 -Système D'avant-pays Illustrant Les Interactions Enmentioning

confidence: 64%

Surface processes versus kinematics of thrust belts: impact on rates of erosion, sedimentation, and exhumation – Insights from analogue models

Bonnet

Malavieille

Mosar

2008

Bulletin De La Société Géologique De France

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Abstract. -The mechanical equilibrium of an orogenic wedge is maintained thanks to interactions between tectonic processes and surface processes. To better constrain the influence of erosion and sedimentation on the evolution of orogens, we performed a series of analogue models based on the tapered wedge principle, varying the amounts of erosion and sedimentation. The models develop by frontal accretion in the foreland basin and by simple underthrusting and subsequent underplating in the hinterland. The variations in rates of erosion and sedimentation strongly modify the extent, the morphology, the structures, the timing of development and the material paths in the different models. Under certain conditions, entire structural units can be formed and subsequently eroded out of the geological record, leading to important underestimations when restoring sections. Particles located in the converging lower-plate or in the upper-plate show complex uplift paths related to tectonic stages. The correlation between models and three Alpine tectonic cross-sections emphasizes the role of erosion and sedimentation on the dynamics and development of the orogen and adjacent Molasse basin. Along strike changes in the present structure of the orogen could be explained in part by differences in surface processes. Interactions tectonique-érosion-sédimentation dans un avant-pays de chaîne. Modèles analogiques et comparaison aux AlpesMots-clés. -Modélisation analogique, Prisme orogénique alpin, Processus de surface, Trajectoires de matière, Soulèvement/Exhumation.Résumé. -L'équilibre mécanique d'un prisme orogénique dépend des interactions entre les processus tectoniques et les processus de surface. Afin de mieux contraindre l'influence de l'érosion et de la sédimentation sur l'évolution d'un orogène, nous avons réalisé une série de modèles analogiques de prismes d'accrétion, au cours desquels les taux d'érosion et de sédimentation varient. Les conditions initiales géométriques et cinématiques de la modélisation tiennent compte de l'hétérogénéité rhéologique liée à l'héritage structural, sédimentologique ou mécanique et rencontrée dans la plupart des avants-pays de chaînes. Deux mécanismes tectoniques principaux agissent dans le prisme, l'accrétion frontale et le sous-placage. L'érosion et la sédimentation conditionnent en interaction les transferts de matière. Le développement de chevauchements en séquence au front implique également les dépôts syntectoniques du bassin d'avant-pays. Simultané-ment, l'accrétion par sous-placage se manifeste essentiellement par des mouvements verticaux et la formation de duplex accommodant le raccourcissement dans les domaines plus internes du prisme. Les variations du ratio érosion/sédimenta-tion influent fortement sur la structure tectonique des modèles, la cinématique, les transferts de matière et l'exhumation au sein du prisme. Les implications structurales sont nombreuses. Par exemple, au cours de l'évolution d'une chaîne, des unités structurales entières sont érodées et peuvent disparaître hors ...

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Section: Fig 1 -Système D'avant-pays Illustrant Les Interactions Enmentioning

confidence: 64%

Surface processes versus kinematics of thrust belts: impact on rates of erosion, sedimentation, and exhumation – Insights from analogue models

Bonnet

Malavieille

Mosar

2008

Bulletin De La Société Géologique De France

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“…In the Alps, the consequence was a two-to threefold increase in sediment yields since 5-3 Ma as suggested by Kuhlemann et al (2002). This increase was considered as evidence of a climatically-driven surface process change, a large component of which was attributed to increased precipitation (Cederbom et al, 2004) and erosion by glacial processes (Kuhlemann et al, 2001;Champagnac et al, 2007). The glacial erosion seems to have accelerated around 0.9 Ma as suggested by incision rates of a valley in the Central Alps (Häuselmann et al, 2007), and by information about vegetation and sedimentologic changes (Muttoni et al, 2003;Scardia et al, 2006).…”

Section: Paleo-climate and Geomorphic Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion-driven uplift of the modern Central Alps

et al. 2009

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We present a compilation of data of modern tectono-geomorphic processes in the Central European Alps which suggest that observed rock uplift is a response to climate-driven denudation. This interpretation is predominantly based on the recent quantification of basinaveraged Late Holocene denudation rates that are so similar to the pattern and rates of rock uplift rates as determined by geodetic leveling. Furthermore, a GPS data-based synthesis of Adriatic microplate kinematics suggests that the Central Alps are currently not in a state of active convergence. Finally, we illustrate that the Central Alps have acted as a closed system for Holocene redistribution of sediment in which the peri-Alpine lakes have operated as a sink for the erosional products of the inner Central Alps.While various hypotheses have been put forward to explain Central Alpine rock uplift (e.g. lithospheric forcing by convergence, mantle processes, or ice melting) we show with an elastic model of lithospheric deformation, that the correlation between erosion and rock uplift rates reflects a positive feedback between denudation and the associated isostatic response to unloading. Thus, erosion does not passively respond to advection of crustal material as might be the case in actively converging orogens. Rather, we suggest that the geomorphic response of the Alpine topography to glacial and fluvial erosion and the resulting disequilibrium for modern channelized and associated hillslope processes explains much of the pattern of modern denudation and hence rock uplift. Therefore, in a non-convergent orogen such as the Central European Alps, the observed vertical rock uplift is primarily a consequence of passive unloading due to erosion.

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“…Subsequent cooling during Early to Late Miocene (23-13 Ma) extensional related exhumation (Ratschbacher et al 1989;Frisch et al 1998Frisch et al , 2000Liu et al 2001;Glodny et al 2008) is recorded by fission track data (Grundmann & Morteani 1985;Staufenberg 1987;Dunkl et al 2003). According to Kuhlemann et al (2001), at 17 Ma the exhumation rate was accelerated for a short time interval (1 to 1.5 Myr) from 1.5-2 mm/yr to 5 mm/yr. During the Middle Miocene (14-10 Ma) the Penninic rocks were already exposed to the surface (Frisch et al 2000).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpine metamorphism in the central segment of the Western Greywacke Zone (Eastern Alps)

Rantitsch¹,

Judik²

2009

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The metamorphic pattern of the central Western Greywacke Zone (Austroalpine, Eastern Alps) was investigated by organic matter reflectance, Raman spectroscopy on organic matter and clay mineralogical methods. Raman data map a 10 km wide thermal aureole along the contact zone of the Greywacke Zone to the Penninic Tauern Window. The estimated maximum temperatures of 400 °C to 200 °C decrease from South to North, that is from the contact to the uppermost parts of the Greywacke Zone. This pattern is explained by an Oligocene to Miocene thermal pulse, related to the rapid exhumation of formerly deeply buried rocks of the Penninic unit. During this event, advective heat transport and circulating fluids overprinted the Cretaceous higher anchi-to lower epizonal metamorphic pattern of the central Western Greywacke Zone.

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Quantifying tectonic versus erosive denudation by the sediment budget: the Miocene core complexes of the Alps

Cited by 100 publications

References 52 publications

Surface processes versus kinematics of thrust belts: impact on rates of erosion, sedimentation, and exhumation – Insights from analogue models

Surface processes versus kinematics of thrust belts: impact on rates of erosion, sedimentation, and exhumation – Insights from analogue models

Erosion-driven uplift of the modern Central Alps

Alpine metamorphism in the central segment of the Western Greywacke Zone (Eastern Alps)

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