Quantifying the electron transfer sites of graphene

Simple, Fast and Cost-Effective Electrochemical Synthesis of Few Layer Graphene Nanosheets

“…Whereas the epitaxial growth techniques, 18,19 thermal annealing of silicon carbide, 20 self-assembly on metallic substrate 21 solvothermal reaction, 22 gas-phase microwave-production 23 and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on di®erent substrates [24][25][26][27] are usually adopted for bottom up fabrication of GNSs coating. A signi¯cant amount of research has been carried out by Banks et al 14,[27][28][29][30][31][32] towards CVD synthesis of graphene sheets and its applications in various functional performance based sectors. However, limitations in substrate transformation, control of multi-parameters in sophisticated instruments, scale up production, defects/impurities in chemical processes, and usage of hazardous chemical may restrict the above mentioned e±cient methods from synthesizing high quality GNSs for industrial applications.…”

Carbon Nanostructure Based Electrodes for High Efficiency Dye Sensitize Solar Cell

“…Therefore, edge planes of graphene contribute to the enhancement of in-plane charge transfers at the electrode-electrolyte interface leads to the increase in catalytic activity of graphene towards charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. It is well reported that edge planes of graphene show more catalytic effects than the basal planes 18,46,48,61 . It is assumed that F -ions may react in graphene electronic structure during CF 4 reactive ion treatment resulting in a semi ionic or covalent bond, thus bringing structural modification in basal planes.…”

“…However, the phlegmatic nature of graphene basal planes often restricts the charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thus limits its functionality in a wide range of electrochemical devices. Therefore, enriching electro-catalytically active sites of graphene is currently in demand in achieving efficient catalytic CEs for stipulating the charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface [46][47][48][49] . Recently a few reports demonstrated the improvement of graphene catalytic activity by surface modification protocols using water-soluble polymers (polyelectrolyte) and poly(ethylene-oxide)-poly (propylene-oxide)-poly (ethylene-oxide) tri-block copolymer 26,27 .…”

“…like halogen ion functionalized graphitic materials 56 . Apart from that, our focus is to create more catalytically active edges in graphene through plasma treatment and functionalize them with fluoride functional group for enhancing interfacial electron transfer sites at the grapheneelectrolyte interface 38,47,57,58 . The plasma treated edges are expected to tailor their surface properties as well as improve tri-iodide reduction capability, which paves a path way for improving the performance of DSSCs.…”

“…This implies that pristine graphene has poor interfacial charge transfer activity with I 3 -redox species, since there are fewer numbers of active edge planes in the crystal lattice. Furthermore, F -ion treatment drastically improves the construction of edge plane sites at the pristine graphene electrode, which promote their interfacial transfer activity with I 3 -redox species 46 . This reflects on exchange current density, for instance, a 45s plasma treated graphene electrode (ST45-G)…”