Quantifying the impact of development on phenotypic variation and evolution

Sears, Karen E.

doi:10.1002/jez.b.22592

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(182 reference statements)

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“…Marsupials, in contrast, display extreme differences in the rate of fore-and hind limb development that have been linked to the function of the newborn's limbs immediately after birth (Gemmell, Veitch, & Nelson, 2002;Mate, Robinson, Vandeberg, & Pedersen, 1994;McCrady, 1938). As newborns die if they fail to complete the crawl, ability to make the crawl is strongly selected for and has been demonstrated to have constrained the evolutionary lability of marsupial forelimb morphology, relative to placental mammals (Bennett & Goswami, 2011;Cooper & Steppan, 2010;Sears, 2004Sears, , 2014. Marsupial hind limbs, in contrast, remain at a much earlier stage of paddle-like development and hang passively from the body during the newborn's crawl.…”

Section: Marsupialiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marsupial hind limbs, in contrast, remain at a much earlier stage of paddle-like development and hang passively from the body during the newborn's crawl. As newborns die if they fail to complete the crawl, ability to make the crawl is strongly selected for and has been demonstrated to have constrained the evolutionary lability of marsupial forelimb morphology, relative to placental mammals (Bennett & Goswami, 2011;Cooper & Steppan, 2010;Sears, 2004Sears, , 2014.…”

Section: Marsupialiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing the developmental origins of mammalian limb diversity

Sears

Maier

Sadier

et al. 2017

Genesis

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Mammals have highly diverse limbs that have contributed to their occupation of almost every niche. Researchers have long been investigating the development of these diverse limbs, with the goals of identifying developmental processes and potential biases that shape mammalian limb diversity. To date, researchers have used techniques ranging from the genomic to the anatomic to investigate the developmental processes shaping the limb morphology of mammals from five orders (Marsupialia, Chiroptera, Rodentia, Cetartiodactyla, and Perissodactyla). Results of these studies suggest that the differential expression of genes controlling diverse cellular processes underlies mammalian limb diversity. Results also suggest that the earliest development of the limb tends to be conserved among mammalian species, while later limb development tends to be more variable. This research has established the mammalian limb as a model system for evolutionary developmental biology, and set the stage for more in-depth, cross-disciplinary research into the genetic controls, tissue-level cellular behaviors, and selective pressures that have driven the developmental evolution of mammalian limbs. Ideally, these studies will be performed in a diverse suite of mammalian species within a comparative, phylogenetic framework.

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Section: Marsupialiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Marsupialiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing the developmental origins of mammalian limb diversity

Sears

Maier

Sadier

et al. 2017

Genesis

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“…For a given structure or region of the body, stronger developmental integration and weakly defined modules are generally held to impede and channel evolutionary change, whereas weaker integration and more sharply defined modules appear to afford greater freedom to evolving lineages, in the sense that among-module changes are facilitated (while within-module ones will be hindered; see Goswami, Binder, Meachen, & O'Keefe, 2015;Goswami, Smaers, Soligo, & Polly, 2014;Porto, Shirai, de Oliveira, & Marroig, 2013;Sears, 2014;Uller et al, 2018;, who view allometry as a special case of developmental integration). It is often treated as the converse of integration, although some care is needed in that an organism can have weak integration but lack discrete modules.…”

Section: Observations On Extant and Fossil Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolutionary synthesis of the 20th Century emphasized "random" mutation, with evolutionary directionality and diversification imposed exclusively by selection (albeit, for some workers, modified by epistasis and pleiotropy), but it is now clear that developmental systems impose uneven probability distributions on the phenotypes accessible from a given evolutionary starting point (Arthur, 2004;Maynard-Smith et al, 1985;Sears, 2014;Uller, Moczek, Watson, Brakefield & Laland, 2018), a phenomenon now termed developmental bias. The evolutionary synthesis of the 20th Century emphasized "random" mutation, with evolutionary directionality and diversification imposed exclusively by selection (albeit, for some workers, modified by epistasis and pleiotropy), but it is now clear that developmental systems impose uneven probability distributions on the phenotypes accessible from a given evolutionary starting point (Arthur, 2004;Maynard-Smith et al, 1985;Sears, 2014;Uller, Moczek, Watson, Brakefield & Laland, 2018), a phenomenon now termed developmental bias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental bias, macroevolution, and the fossil record

Jablonski

2019

Evolution and Development

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A fuller understanding of the role of developmental bias in shaping large-scale evolutionary patterns requires integrating bias (the probability distribution of variation accessible to an ancestral phenotype) with clade dynamics (the differential survival and production of species and evolutionary lineages). This synthesis could proceed as a two-way exchange between the developmental data available to neontologists and the strictly phenotypic but richly historical and dynamic data available to paleontologists. Analyses starting in extant populations could aim to predict macroevolution in the fossil record from observed developmental bias, while analyses starting in the fossil record, particularly the record of extant species and lineages, could aim to predict developmental bias from macroevolutionary patterns, including the broad range of extinct phenotypes. Analyses in multivariate morphospaces are especially effective when coupled with phylogeny, theoretical and developmental models, and diversity-disparity plots. This research program will also require assessing the "heritability" of an ancestral bias across phylogeny, and the tendency for bias change in strength and orientation over evolutionary time. Such analyses will help find a set of general rules for the macroevolutionary effects of developmental bias, including its impact on and interactions with the other intrinsic and extrinsic factors governing the movement, expansion, and contraction of clades in morphospace.

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“…The study of developmental systems in terms of their evolution also argues for a role of development in orienting morphological diversification (Sears, 2014;Smith et al, 1985),…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental variability drives mouse molar evolution along an evolutionary line of least resistance

Hayden

Lochovska

Sémon

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Developmental systems may preferentially produce certain types of variation and, thereby, bias phenotypic evolution. This is a central issue in evolutionary developmental biology, albeit somewhat understudied. Here we focus on the shape of the first upper molar which shows a clear, repeated tendency for anterior elongation at different scales from within mouse populations to between species of the Mus genus. In contrast, the lower molar displays more evolutionary stability. We compared upper and lower molar development of mouse strains representative of this fine variation (DUHi: elongated molars and FVB: short molars). Using a novel quantitative approach to examine small-scale developmental variation, we identified temporal, spatial and functional differences in tooth signaling centers between the two strains, likely due to different tuning of the activation-inhibition mechanisms ruling signaling center patterning. Based on the spatio-temporal dynamics of signaling centers and their lineage tracing, we show an intrinsic difference in the fate of signaling centers between lower and upper jaw of both strains. This can explain why variations in activation-inhibition parameters between strains are turned into anterior elongation in the upper molar only. Finally, although the "elongated" DUHi strain was inbred, first molar elongation was variable in adults, and we found high levels of intra-strain developmental variation in upper molar development. This is consistent with the inherent developmental instability of the upper molar system enabling the morphological variability of the tooth phenotype.In conclusion, we have uncovered developmental properties that underlie the molar's capacity for repeated phenotypic change, or said differently, that underlie a "line of least resistance".By focusing on the developmental basis of fine phenotypic variation, our study also challenges some common assumptions and practices in developmental and evolutionary developmental biology.

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Quantifying the impact of development on phenotypic variation and evolution

Cited by 16 publications

References 130 publications

Timing the developmental origins of mammalian limb diversity

Timing the developmental origins of mammalian limb diversity

Developmental bias, macroevolution, and the fossil record

Developmental variability drives mouse molar evolution along an evolutionary line of least resistance

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