Quantifying the magnitude of environmental exposure misclassification when using imprecise address proxies in public health research

Healy, Martin A.; Gilliland, Jason A.

doi:10.1016/j.sste.2012.02.006

Cited by 66 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Specifically, maternal postal codes were entered into a Geographic Information System (ArcGIS 10.1, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA) and mapped to determine location of home neighbourhoods. Boundaries of home neighbourhoods were defined by boundaries of census dissemination areas (DAs), a commonly used proxy for neighbourhood and the smallest geographical unit for which Statistics Canada releases income data (Healy & Gilliland, 2012). …”

Section: Study Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Population-Based Canadian Sample

Campbell¹,

Gilliland

Dworatzek³

et al. 2017

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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SummaryThis study assessed the strength of the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) in Southwestern Ontario. Utilizing perinatal and neonatal databases at the London Health Science Centre, maternal postal codes were entered into a Geographic Information System to determine home neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods were defined by dissemination areas (DAs). Median household income for each DA was extracted from the latest Canadian Census and linked to each mother. All singleton infants born between February 2009 and February 2014 were included. Of 26,654 live singleton births, 6.4% were LBW and 9.7% were PTB. Top risk factors for LBW were: maternal amphetamine use, chronic hypertension and maternal marijuana use (OR respectively: 17.51, 3.18, 2.72); previously diagnosed diabetes, maternal narcotic use and insulin-controlled gestational diabetes predicted PTB (OR respectively: 17.95, 2.69, 2.42). Overall, SES had little impact on adverse birth outcomes, although low maternal education increased the likelihood of a LBW neonate (OR: 1.01).

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Section: Study Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Population-Based Canadian Sample

Campbell¹,

Gilliland

Dworatzek³

et al. 2017

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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“…We used children's actual home address for geocoding, which allows for the correct classification of the presence or absence of certain environmental features. 27,28 Third, our characterization of the local neighbourhood food environment was theoretically driven (i.e., Glanz et al), and we specifically operationalized Glanz et al's food environment dimensions of community and consumer food environments. 6 This enabled us to focus on not only measures that are often used in other studies, such as availability of food establishments and closest distance to establishments, 21,29 but also the price and quality of food within these establishments.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walkable home neighbourhood food environment and children’s overweight and obesity: Proximity, density or price?

Engler‐Stringer²,

Muhajarine

2016

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: To identify characteristics of the food environment associated with child overweight/obesity that could, if subjected to intervention, mitigate the risk of childhood overweight/obesity. We examined whether the proximity to or density of grocery and convenience stores or fast food restaurants, or the prices of healthy food options were more strongly associated with overweight/obesity risk in children. METHODS:We collected geocoded data by residential addresses for 1,469 children aged 10-14 years and conducted a census of all food outlets in Saskatoon. The Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS)-Stores and the NEMS-Restaurants were used to measure availability, quality and relative price of healthy food items in stores and restaurants. Children's weight status was calculated on the basis of measured height and weight. Logistic regression was used to test the associations between overweight/obesity and food environment variables. RESULTS:Within an 800 m walking distance from home, 76% of children did not have access to a grocery store; 58% and 32% had access to at least one convenience store or one fast-food restaurant respectively. A significantly lower odds of overweight/obesity was associated with lower price of healthy food items/options in grocery stores (odds ratio [OR] = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77-0.99) and fast-food restaurants (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99) within walking distance of home. Neither the distance to the closest food outlet nor the density of food outlets around children's homes was associated with odds of overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS:Improving economic access to healthy food in food outlets or fast-food restaurants is one strategy to counter childhood overweight/ obesity.KEY WORDS: Environment; public health; child health; obesity La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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“…This error stems from the difference between an assigned location and one's true location in space. 4,5 A recent Canadian study estimated that when using 6-digit postal codes, positional errors ranged from 109 metres to 1363 metres in urban and rural areas respectively. 4 Reliance on community mailboxes will increase positional errors.…”

Section: Individual's Residential Location Will Be Misplacedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 A recent Canadian study estimated that when using 6-digit postal codes, positional errors ranged from 109 metres to 1363 metres in urban and rural areas respectively. 4 Reliance on community mailboxes will increase positional errors. Using a single community mailbox to represent multiple 6-digit postal codes will reduce precision when health researchers assign individuals to a home location ( Figure 1A).…”

Section: Individual's Residential Location Will Be Misplacedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is plausible that the different results for urban and rural areas are due to positional and linkage errors in the data. Healy et al 4 show that in rural areas, the mean distance error for access to the closest hospital is 3285 metres compared to a mean of 414 metres in urban areas. In the context of health policy planning, an error of over 3 kilometres in the estimate of the distance between someone's home and a hospital's location is not acceptable.…”

Section: What Will the Future Look Like?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canada Post community mailboxes: Implications for health research

Fuller

Shareck

2014

Can J Public Health

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Quantifying the magnitude of environmental exposure misclassification when using imprecise address proxies in public health research

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

Socioeconomic Status and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Population-Based Canadian Sample

Socioeconomic Status and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Population-Based Canadian Sample

Walkable home neighbourhood food environment and children’s overweight and obesity: Proximity, density or price?

Canada Post community mailboxes: Implications for health research

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