Quantifying the origin and geometry of circular sag structures in northern Fort Worth Basin, Texas: Paleocave collapse, pull-apart fault systems, or hydrothermal alteration?

McDonnell, A.; Loucks, Robert G.; Dooley, Tim P.

doi:10.1306/05170706086

Cited by 94 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For further observation of the evolution of this structure, repeated lidar scanning of this area is planned. Such sagging of layers and upward migration of voids were also shown by Miller and Millahn (2006) and McDonnell et al (2007) from research areas in Texas and Kansas in the USA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

High-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection as a tool to image near-surface subrosion structures – a case study in Bad Frankenhausen, Germany

2016

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Abstract. Subrosion is the subsurface leaching of soluble rocks that results in the formation of depression and collapse structures. This global phenomenon is a geohazard in urban areas. To study near-surface subrosion structures, four shear-wave seismic reflection profiles, with a total length of ca. 332 m, were carried out around the famous leaning church tower of Bad Frankenhausen in northern Thuringia, Germany, which shows an inclination of 4.93 • from the vertical. Most of the geological underground of Thuringia is characterized by soluble Permian deposits, and the Kyffhäuser Southern Margin Fault is assumed to be a main pathway for water to leach the evaporite. The seismic profiles were acquired with the horizontal micro-vibrator ELVIS, developed at Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), and a 72 m long landstreamer equipped with 72 horizontal geophones. The high-resolution seismic sections show subrosion-induced structures to a depth of ca. 100 m and reveal five features associated with the leaching of Permian deposits: (1) lateral and vertical varying reflection patterns caused by strongly heterogeneous strata, (2) discontinuous reflectors, small offsets, and faults, which show the underground is heavily fractured, (3) formation of depression structures in the near-surface, (4) diffractions in the unmigrated seismic sections that indicate increased scattering of the seismic waves, and (5) varying seismic velocities and low-velocity zones that are presumably caused by fractures and upward-migrating cavities. A previously undiscovered southward-dipping listric normal fault was also found, to the north of the church. It probably serves as a pathway for water to leach the Permian formations below the church and causes the tilting of the church tower. This case study shows the potential of horizontal shear-wave seismic reflection to image near-surface subrosion structures in an urban environment with a horizontal resolution of less than 1 m in the uppermost 10-15 m.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

High-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection as a tool to image near-surface subrosion structures – a case study in Bad Frankenhausen, Germany

2016

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“…They can be associated with the shear failure on subvertical normal faults in the ceiling layers of a collapsing cave. Such a failure model along roof faults is supported by structural and laboratory studies (McDonnell et al, 2007;Loucks et al, 2004). It has also been suggested by Neunhöfer (1967) in a study on salt-dissolution induced seismicity in Thüringen, Germany.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Eliasen and Talbot, 2005;Epstein, 2001;Bertoni and Cartwright, 2005;McDonnell et al, 2007;Loucks et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A seismological study of shallow weak micro-earthquakes in the urban area of Hamburg city, Germany, and its possible relation to salt dissolution

2011

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SummaryIn the night from 8/9 April 2009, shortly after midnight on Maundy Thursday before Easter, several people in Gross-Flottbek, Hamburg, felt unusual strong ground shocks so that some of them left their houses in fear of earthquake shaking. Police and Fire Brigade received phone calls of worried residents. A few days later Internet pages were published where people reported their observations. On 21 April 2009 at about 8 p.m. local time a second ground shaking event was felt. Damage to buildings or infrastructure did not occur to our knowledge. The Institute of Geophysics, University of Hamburg, installed from 22 April to 17 May 2009 three temporal seismic stations in the epicentral area. Seismological data from two nearby stations at the Deutsches Elektron-Synchrotron (DESY) at 1 km and the Geophysical Institute at 7 km distance were collected and integrated to the temporal network. The events occurred above the roof of the shallow Othmarschen Langenfelde salt diapir (OLD), in an area known for active sinkhole formation and previous historic ground shaking events. The analysis of the seismological data shows that three shallow microearthquakes occurred from 8 to 21 April at a depth of about 100 m, the largest one with a moment magnitude of about M W 0.6. Depth location of such shallow events is difficult with standard methods, and is here constrained by waveform modeling of surface waves. Earthquakes occurring in soft sediments within the uppermost 100 m are a rare phenomena and cannot be explained by standard models. Rupture process in soft sediments differ from those on faults in more competent rock. We discuss the rupture and source mechanism of the events in the context of previous historic shocks and existing sinkhole and deformation data. Although the event was weak, the rupture duration of 0.3 s was unusual long. Three possible models for the generation of repeated ground shaking events in Gross Flottbek are developed and discussed, implying quit different hazards for subsidence, ground motion and sinkhole formation. Our favored model postulates that roof failure occurs in an existing soil cavity beneath the epicenter at a depth of about 100 m. Other models bearing a smaller geo-hazard cannot be disproved with the data available, but future geophysical experiments may be planned to resolve this question.

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“…This research (McDonnell et al, 2007) has defined abundant subcircular areas of karst collapse in the underlying Lower Ordovician Ellenburger Group and showed that episodic reactivation of these features affected both the Barnett and overlying strata (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Stratal Architecturementioning

confidence: 92%

Black Mudrocks: Lessons and Questions from the Mississippian Barnett Shale in the Southern Midcontinent

Ruppel¹,

Loucks²,

Furbish³

2008

TSR

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For the past 30 years, Caicos Platform has been an important area for studies of Holocene and Pleistocene carbonate successions and a destination for numerous geoscientists interested in learning about modern carbonate sedimentary systems. During the past few years there has been a renewed interest in understanding the geology of the platform, stemming in large part from recognition in the petroleum industry that more refined reservoir models of carbonate systems are needed both in exploration and development. The impetus for the workshop and the publication was a desire to bring together both present and past Caicos Platform workers with those not familiar with the Platform to share knowledge on the Holocene and Pleistocene Sedimentology, diagenesis, platform evolution, and the applicability of the platform as an analogue for ancient isolated carbonate platforms. This volume should serve as an intermediate-term documentation of research efforts and a spur for additional studies to better understand controls on sediment distribution, diagenesis, and the evolution of platform growth, furthering the Caicos Platform as an analogue for ancient, isolated, carbonate platforms. (CD publication) Catalog #70022 • SEPM Member Price: $48.00 SEPM Special Publication #88 Sediment-Organism Interactions: A Multifaceted IchnologyEdited by : Richard G. Bromley, Luis A. Buatois, Gabriela Mangano, Jorge F. Genise and Ricardo N. Melchor The field of Ichnology bridges the gap between the areas of paleontology and sedimentology, but has connections to many subdisciplines within these areas. Biogenic structures record the behavior of their tracemakers and provide valuable information in paleoecologic and paleoenvironmental analysis. As in situ ethologic structures, trace fossils or ichnofossils yield valuable insights into the paleoecology of ancient benthic communities and the environmental dynamics of depositional systems. Ichnology is truly a multifaceted field, and a broad selection of its facets is represented in the 28 papers of this volume. The papers are the product of Ichnia 2004, the First International Congress on Ichnology. Several symposium volumes, books, and short-course notes have been published in recent years and ichnology can be considered a particularly active research area in steady growth. The 28 papers herein are arranged in five groups that reveal the broad scope of ichnology.Catalog #40088 • SEPM Member Price: $100.00 SEPM BOOK STORE SEPM Special Publication #89 Controls on Carbonate Platform and Reef Development Edited by: Jeff Lukasik and J.A. (Toni) SimoCarbonate platforms and reefs emerge, grow and die in response to intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms forced primarily by tectonics, oceanography, climate, ecology and eustasy. These mechanisms, or controls, create the physical, biological and chemical signals accountable for the myriad of carbonate depositional responses that, together, form the complex depositional systems present in the modern and ancient settings. If we are to fully comprehend these sy...

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Quantifying the origin and geometry of circular sag structures in northern Fort Worth Basin, Texas: Paleocave collapse, pull-apart fault systems, or hydrothermal alteration?

Cited by 94 publications

References 34 publications

High-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection as a tool to image near-surface subrosion structures – a case study in Bad Frankenhausen, Germany

High-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection as a tool to image near-surface subrosion structures – a case study in Bad Frankenhausen, Germany

A seismological study of shallow weak micro-earthquakes in the urban area of Hamburg city, Germany, and its possible relation to salt dissolution

Black Mudrocks: Lessons and Questions from the Mississippian Barnett Shale in the Southern Midcontinent

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