Quantifying the target state of forest stands managed with the continuous cover approach – revisiting Möller's “Dauerwald” concept after 100 years

Stiers, Melissa; Annighöfer, Peter; Seidel, Dominik; Willim, Katharina; Neudam, Liane; Ammer, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.tfp.2020.100004

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This measure can easily be derived from laser scanning data (Seidel, 2018), and it considers all above-ground structural elements of a tree to quantify its structural complexity. Thereby, both the amount and spatial arrangement of the plant material are considered simultaneously using fractal analysis (Mandelbrot, 1977;Stiers et al, 2020;Willim et al, 2020). Recent studies showed that the box-dimension relates to a number of individual structural attributes of a tree (Seidel et al, 2019a,c) and that it is also responsive to factors affecting tree growth, such as competition (Seidel, 2018;Dorji et al, 2019;Seidel et al, 2019a) and management (Saarinen et al, 2020;Stiers et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereby, both the amount and spatial arrangement of the plant material are considered simultaneously using fractal analysis (Mandelbrot, 1977;Stiers et al, 2020;Willim et al, 2020). Recent studies showed that the box-dimension relates to a number of individual structural attributes of a tree (Seidel et al, 2019a,c) and that it is also responsive to factors affecting tree growth, such as competition (Seidel, 2018;Dorji et al, 2019;Seidel et al, 2019a) and management (Saarinen et al, 2020;Stiers et al, 2020). It was also shown that the box-dimension is related to the seed dispersal strategy of a tree (Dorji et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Forest Vitality and Forest Structure Using 3D Data: A Case Study From the Hainich National Park, Germany

Heidenreich

Seidel

2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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The adaptation of forest management to changing environmental conditions due to climate change relies on information on the current forest and tree vitality. In common practice, the percentage of crown defoliation is used as a proxy for tree vitality, an approach that has several drawbacks. By performing laser scanning on a forest plot in the Hainich National Park, we tested a new approach to quantifying tree vitality. Based on the difference in structural complexity measured between summer and winter, assessed via the box-dimension, the new approach provides an objective and reproducible method that does not only allow the quantification of the defoliation, but also includes the effects of branch diebacks. In addition, we assessed the change in box-dimension and branch lengths between 2013 and 2021 and studied the overall structural development of the trees to analyze the alteration of their vitality. On average, we found a decrease in overall structural complexity, as well as in branch lengths for most trees in the investigated forest. Further, the mean difference in box-dimension (summer minus winter) decreased with ascending vitality class. We conclude that the vitality of the trees was negatively affected over the period of 8 years, and we argue the newly proposed method based on the box-dimension holds potential to be used as a measure for tree vitality in deciduous forests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Forest Vitality and Forest Structure Using 3D Data: A Case Study From the Hainich National Park, Germany

Heidenreich

Seidel

2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…The second reason, why our results are important to report is that the method used to describe the stand structure using the SSCI might not be as sensitive to small-scale stand-level changes as expected and considered earlier (Ehbrecht et al 2017;Stiers et al 2018Stiers et al , 2020. Our study was to our best knowledge the first to analyze the influence of a continuous indicator of forest management intensity on the stand structural complexity and we could not detect a strong and significant expected relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Weak relationships of continuous forest management intensity and remotely sensed stand structural complexity in temperate mountain forests

Asbeck

Frey

2021

Eur J Forest Res

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Understanding the relationship of stand structural complexity and forest management is relevant to create desired stand structures by adapting management strategies under changing disturbance scenarios and climatic conditions. To overcome difficulties in differentiating between strict categories of silvicultural practices and to describe the impact of forest management more appropriate, we used a continuous indicator of forest management intensity (ForMI). The ForMI consists of three components including volumes of natural deadwood, non-native tree species and harvested trees. There are a great number of approaches to quantify stand structure; here we used the recently established stand structural complexity index (SSCI) which represents a density-dependent as well as vertical measure of complexity based on the distribution of points in 3D space inventoried by terrestrial laser scanning. The data collection took place in 135 one-hectare plots managed under close-to-nature forest management (CTNFM) located in the Black Forest, Germany. We build generalized additive models to test the relationship of the SSCI with the ForMI. The model results did not prove a significant relationship between the SSCI and the ForMI, but components of the ForMI showed significant relationships to the SSCI. Our results indicate that the relationship between stand structural complexity and forest management intensity is, while plausible, not trivial to demonstrate. We conclude that forest managers have a relatively wide range of choices in CTNFM to adapt forests within a similar range of management intensity as presented here to future challenges, since management intensity does not change the forest structure drastically.

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“…This practice generally results in blocks of even-aged plantation forests. A ground-based LiDAR study [11] has noted that the structural complexity of continuous cover forestry is significantly greater than in even-aged monocultures. Therefore, we note that distinguishing OGF from forests managed over long periods of time with continuous cover precepts may prove to be a tougher proposition than in areas like our study site where plantation forestry is the predominant management practise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ground-based LiDAR studies of forest structure are common, with, for example, these recent papers [10][11][12][13] studying an OGF site in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Similarly, airborne LiDAR surveys of forest structure have become increasingly common over recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Structural Characteristics of Old-Growth Forest in Ukraine Using Spaceborne LiDAR

Spracklen

2021

Remote Sensing

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A forest’s structure changes as it progresses through developmental stages from establishment to old-growth forest. Therefore, the vertical structure of old-growth forests will differ from that of younger, managed forests. Free, publicly available spaceborne Laser Range and Detection (LiDAR) data designed for the determination of forest structure has recently become available through NASA’s General Ecosystem and Development Investigation (GEDI). We use this data to investigate the structure of some of the largest remaining old-growth forests in Europe in the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains. We downloaded 18489 cloud-free shots in the old-growth forest (OGF) and 20398 shots in adjacent non-OGF areas during leaf-on, snow-free conditions. We found significant differences between OGF and non-OGF over a wide range of structural metrics. OGF was significantly more open, with a more complex vertical structure and thicker ground-layer vegetation. We used Random Forest classification on a range of GEDI-derived metrics to classify OGF shapefiles with an accuracy of 73%. Our work demonstrates the use of spaceborne LiDAR for the identification of old-growth forests.

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Quantifying the target state of forest stands managed with the continuous cover approach – revisiting Möller's “Dauerwald” concept after 100 years

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Assessing Forest Vitality and Forest Structure Using 3D Data: A Case Study From the Hainich National Park, Germany

Assessing Forest Vitality and Forest Structure Using 3D Data: A Case Study From the Hainich National Park, Germany

Weak relationships of continuous forest management intensity and remotely sensed stand structural complexity in temperate mountain forests

Determination of Structural Characteristics of Old-Growth Forest in Ukraine Using Spaceborne LiDAR

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