Quantifying the Unknown

doi:10.23865/noasp.81

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 71 publications

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“…The deep sea offers a great potential for mineral resources (Cathles 2011;Hannington et al 2011;Hannington 2013;Singer 2014;Ellefmo et al 2019), but there is still a significant amount of uncertainty associated with any future mining of the deep sea. The uncertainties are linked to social, legal, ecological, technical and geological factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Soft Data in Nodule Resource Estimation

Ellefmo

Kühn

2020

Nat Resour Res

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Minerals and metals are of uttermost importance in our society, and mineral resources on and beneath the deep ocean floor represent a huge potential. Deciding whether mining from the deep ocean floor is financially, environmentally and technologically feasible requires information. Due to great depths and harsh conditions, this information is expensive and time and resource consuming to obtain. It is therefore important to use every piece of data in an optimum way. In this study, data retrieved from images and expert knowledge were used to estimate minimum and maximum nodule abundances at image locations from an area in the Clarion-Clipperton-Zone of the equatorial North East Pacific. From the minimum and maximum values, box cores and the spatial correlation quantified through variogram, a conditional expectation and associated uncertainty were obtained through the Gibbs sampler. The conditional expectation and the uncertainty were used with the assumed certain abundance data from the box cores in a kriging exercise to obtain better informed estimates of the block by block abundance. The quality assessment of the estimations was done based on distance criterion and on kriging quality indicators like the slope of regression and the weight of the mean. From the original image locations, alternative image configurations were tested, and it was shown that such alternatives produce better estimates, without extra costs. Future improvements will focus on improving the estimation of the minimum and the maximum values at image locations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Soft Data in Nodule Resource Estimation

Ellefmo

Kühn

2020

Nat Resour Res

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Marine minerals’ role in future holistic mineral resource management

Ellefmo

Aberle

Hagspiel

et al. 2022

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Deep marine mineral deposits are mineral deposits that have been formed outside the continental slope. Currently three main types of deposits are generally recognized: polymetallic manganese nodules, massive seafloor sulfides and cobalt-rich crusts. The authors argue that marine mineral resource management must be holistic. Holistic marine mineral management requires a clear understanding of the objectives to be achieved through mining and to assess and ensure a proper balance between costs, risks, potential gains and losses. For decades there have been substantial uncertainties regarding the short- and long-term impact of deep-sea mining on international society and the economy and, more recently, environmental issues have become central to the debate over mining the deep seabed. If deep-sea mining is to play a constructive role in the green transition towards more environmentally robust energy production and e-mobility, more ambitious interdisciplinary research is needed to provide the knowledge needed to devise a holistic approach to management of marine minerals. This includes completing thorough baseline studies in conjunction with geological exploration and devising new means of handling financial and technological uncertainties when making investment decisions and when developing regulatory frameworks.

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Quantifying the Unknown

Cited by 2 publications

References 71 publications

Application of Soft Data in Nodule Resource Estimation

Application of Soft Data in Nodule Resource Estimation

Marine minerals’ role in future holistic mineral resource management

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