Quantitation of Dihydroxyacetone in Australian <i>Leptospermum</i> Nectar via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Norton, Amanda M.; McKenzie, Leah N.; Brooks, Peter; Pappalardo, Linda

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01930

Cited by 22 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…honeys sourced from the same region. This concurs with a recent study investigating the DHA content in Australian Leptospermum nectar samples from Northern Rivers, which also showed high DHA in the samples [26] and another study showing high DHA and MGO in Leptospermum honeys from the same region [27]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The compound primarily responsible for the NPA of manuka honey has been identified as methylglyoxal (MGO), which forms from the nectar-derived compound, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), during the ripening of honey [23–25]. Consequently, the level of MGO in honey is dictated by factors including the DHA content of the nectar, the extent of Leptospermum bloom and the foraging behaviour of honey bees [25, 26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DHA, which converts to MGO during storage, is an indicator of the potential for honey to increase in activity. DHA and MGO levels in honey can be directly assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [26, 27]. MGO levels can then be used to estimate the NPA, where a honey with MGO >260 mg/kg is predicted to have >10+ activity based on the relationship between MGO and NPA identified previously [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Antibacterial Activity of Australian Leptospermum Honey Correlates with Methylglyoxal Levels

et al. 2016

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Most commercially available therapeutic honey is derived from flowering Leptospermum scoparium (manuka) plants from New Zealand. Australia has more than 80 Leptospermum species, and limited research to date has found at least some produce honey with high non-peroxide antibacterial activity (NPA) similar to New Zealand manuka, suggesting Australia may have a ready supply of medical-grade honey. The activity of manuka honey is largely due to the presence of methylglyoxal (MGO), which is produced non-enzymatically from dihydroxyacetone (DHA) present in manuka nectar. The aims of the current study were to chemically quantify the compounds contributing to antibacterial activity in a collection of Australian Leptospermum honeys, to assess the relationship between MGO and NPA in these samples, and to determine whether NPA changes during honey storage. Eighty different Leptospermum honey samples were analysed, and therapeutically useful NPA was seen in samples derived from species including L. liversidgei and L. polygalifolium. Exceptionally high levels of up to 1100 mg/kg MGO were present in L. polygalifolium honey samples sourced from the Northern Rivers region in NSW and Byfield, QLD, with considerable diversity among samples. There was a strong positive relationship between NPA and MGO concentration, and DHA was present in all of the active honey samples, indicating a potential for ongoing conversion to MGO. NPA was stable, with most samples showing little change following seven years of storage in the dark at 4°C. This study demonstrates the potential for Australian Leptospermum honey as a wound care product, and argues for an extension of this analysis to other Leptospermum species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Antibacterial Activity of Australian Leptospermum Honey Correlates with Methylglyoxal Levels

et al. 2016

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“…The cause of this remaining activity, dubbed “non-peroxide activity” or NPA, was finally revealed in 2008, when two laboratories independently identified methyl glyoxal (MGO) in manuka honey ( Adams et al, 2008 ; Mavric et al, 2008 ). MGO results from the spontaneous dehydration of its precursor dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a naturally occurring phytochemical found in the nectar of flowers of Leptospermum scoparium, Leptospermum polygalifolium , and some related Leptospermum species native to New Zealand and Australia ( Adams et al, 2009 ; Williams et al, 2014 ; Norton et al, 2015 ). MGO can react relatively non-specifically with macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins ( Adams et al, 2008 ; Mavric et al, 2008 ; Majtan et al, 2014b ), and could theoretically be toxic to mammalian cells ( Kalapos, 2008 ).…”

Section: Chemical Analyses Of Active Manuka Honeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Manuka Honey: No Longer So Alternative

et al. 2016

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Medicinal honey research is undergoing a substantial renaissance. From a folklore remedy largely dismissed by mainstream medicine as “alternative”, we now see increased interest by scientists, clinical practitioners and the general public in the therapeutic uses of honey. There are a number of drivers of this interest: first, the rise in antibiotic resistance by many bacterial pathogens has prompted interest in developing and using novel antibacterials; second, an increasing number of reliable studies and case reports have demonstrated that certain honeys are very effective wound treatments; third, therapeutic honey commands a premium price, and the honey industry is actively promoting studies that will allow it to capitalize on this; and finally, the very complex and rather unpredictable nature of honey provides an attractive challenge for laboratory scientists. In this paper we review manuka honey research, from observational studies on its antimicrobial effects through to current experimental and mechanistic work that aims to take honey into mainstream medicine. We outline current gaps and remaining controversies in our knowledge of how honey acts, and suggest new studies that could make honey a no longer “alternative” alternative.

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“…These compounds have also been identified in Australian Leptospermum spp . honeys [4, 5] and there has been a substantial commercial value resulting from these findings for industry, as honeys with high MGO content are priced at a premium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Reliable HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Dihydroxyacetone, Methylglyoxal and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Leptospermum Honeys

Pappalardo

Brooks

2016

PLoS ONE

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A reliable determination of dihydroxyacetone, methylglyoxal and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is essential to establishing the commercial value and antimicrobial potential of honeys derived from the Leptospermum species endemic to Australia and New Zealand. We report a robust method for quantitation of all three compounds in a single HPLC run. Honey samples (n = 6) that are derivatized with o-(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine were quantitated against a stable anisole internal standard. Linear regression analysis was performed using calibration standards for each compound (n = 6) and results indicated a high degree of accuracy (R2 = 0.999) for this method. The reliability of some commercial methylglyoxal solutions were found to be questionable. Effective quantitation of methylglyoxal content in honey is critical for researchers and industry, and the use of some commercial standards may bias data. Two accurate methylglyoxal standards are proposed, including a commercial standard and a derivative that can be prepared within the laboratory.

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Quantitation of Dihydroxyacetone in Australian Leptospermum Nectar via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

The Antibacterial Activity of Australian Leptospermum Honey Correlates with Methylglyoxal Levels

The Antibacterial Activity of Australian Leptospermum Honey Correlates with Methylglyoxal Levels

Therapeutic Manuka Honey: No Longer So Alternative

Rapid and Reliable HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Dihydroxyacetone, Methylglyoxal and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Leptospermum Honeys

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