Quantitation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human brain tumours

Rasmussen, Søren; Bock, Elisabeth; Warecka, K; Althage, G

doi:10.1038/bjc.1980.12

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Four out of eight studies show no significant differences in GFAP protein or RNA levels between the different astrocytoma grades. Two studies that quantified RNA (Dmytrenko et al, 2009) or protein levels (Rasmussen et al, 1980) both report a high variability in expression. In two other studies that quantified protein levels, GFAP is higher in grade II compared to grade IV astrocytoma (Jacque et al, 1978;Odreman et al, 2005), which reached statistical significance when tested (Odreman et al, 2005).…”

Section: Inconsistent Correlation Of Gfap Expression Levels To Astrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma

Bodegraven

Asperen

Robe

et al. 2019

Glia

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Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarkers are still being used. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a classical marker of astrocytoma, both in clinical and experimental settings. GFAP is used to determine glial differentiation, which is associated with a less malignant tumor. However, since GFAP is not only expressed by mature astrocytes but also by radial glia during development and neural stem cells in the adult brain, we hypothesized that GFAP expression in astrocytoma might not be a direct indication of glial differentiation and a less malignant phenotype. Therefore, we here review all existing literature from 1972 up to 2018 on GFAP expression in astrocytoma patient material to revisit GFAP as a marker of lower grade, more differentiated astrocytoma. We conclude that GFAP is heterogeneously expressed in astrocytoma, which most likely masks a consistent correlation of GFAP expression to astrocytoma malignancy grade. The GFAP positive cell population contains cells with differences in morphology, function, and differentiation state showing that GFAP is not merely a marker of less malignant and more differentiated astrocytoma. We suggest that discriminating between the GFAP isoforms GFAPδ and GFAPα will improve the accuracy of assessing the differentiation state of astrocytoma in clinical and experimental settings and will benefit glioma classification.

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Section: Inconsistent Correlation Of Gfap Expression Levels To Astrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma

Bodegraven

Asperen

Robe

et al. 2019

Glia

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show abstract

“…The latter is connected to intermediary filaments. Although it has been debated to what extent the presence of these markers correlate to malignancy, they have been useful for recognition of the glial origin of these tumors (4)(5)(6)(7). It is interesting that higher grade gliomas show a weaker and more heterogeneous S-100 reaction than lower grade tumors (8).…”

Section: Differentiation and Other Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasiveness of primary brain tumors

Bjerkvig

et al. 1984

Cancer Metast Rev

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Primary malignant neoplasms of the nervous system differ from other types of malignancy in several ways. Clinical progression is due to local invasive growth, while metastases outside the skull are rare. The tumors show no sharp delimitation from the surrounding normal tissue. At the edge, an ill-defined area of invasive tumor cells, reacting glial cells and inflammatory cells is present. At the same time the primary brain tumors are biologically heterogeneous. In this review, a short survey of markers for malignancy in primary brain tumors is given, and some properties of importance for invasive behavior, are listed. These include different cellular enzymes, phagocytotic property, locomotive and proliferative characteristics. Studies of primary brain tumors in situ show invasive growth into the surrounding brain tissue, often followed by hemorrhage and necrosis. In addition spread of tumor cells takes place along preexisting intracranial structures. Recently, several systems for the study of brain tumor invasiveness in culture have been elaborated. Both experimental and human gliomas have been tested. The target tissues include organ culture of embryonic chick heart muscle, chorioallantoic membrane, fetal rat brain tissue and reconstructed vessel walls. It has been shown that glioma cells are able to split junctions between normal cells. They destroy and phagocytose the normal cells and penetrate the normal tissue. The use of brain tissue and reaggregated brain cell cultures as target for glioma cells in culture opens the possibility for an elucidation of invasiveness as one of the most important properties of malignancy in the nervous system.

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“…In this sense GF expression is 'predictive of' (i.e., inversely related to) clinical outcome. However, within the anaplastic group (i.e., anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme) there is no consensus regarding a relationship between GF expression and aggressiveness [6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. For this reason, using an experimental system, we tested the following hypothesis: malignant properties of glioma cells are inversely related to GF expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant properties of P635 glioma are independent of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression

Chambers

et al. 1991

J Neuro-Oncol

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To examine the relationship between the malignant behavior of rat glioma cells and expression of the differentiation antigen glial fibrillary acidic protein (GF), we assayed the tumorigenicity and metastatic ability of P635 and its GF+ or GF- clones. We injected P635 (GF+) and clone 45 (GF-) cells intramuscularly in nude mice. Both lines formed local tumors which metastasized to lungs with equal efficiency. We then injected these lines intravenously in nude mice. Both produced experimental metastases in lungs and other organs with equal efficiency. Finally we injected P635 and several GF+ and GF- clones into the chorioallantoic membrane veins of naturally immune-deficient chick embryos and measured cell growth in embryonic liver. We again found that all clones survived and grew equally well. P635 cells are capable of extracranial growth and metastasis, two important features of the malignant phenotype. We conclude that GF in P635 is a neutral marker with respect to tumorigenicity and metastatic ability.

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Quantitation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human brain tumours

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma

Importance of GFAP isoform‐specific analyses in astrocytoma

Invasiveness of primary brain tumors

Malignant properties of P635 glioma are independent of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression

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