Quantitation of human parvovirus B19 DNA by real‐time polymerase chain reaction

Abstract

The amount of parvovirus B19 DNA correlated well with the stage of infection, and its quantitation was useful for determining disease status and prognosis. In parvovirus B19 infection, the viremia is associated with rare but varied pathological states different from erythema infectiosum, such as transient aplastic crisis, hemophagocytic syndrome, lupus-like syndrome, and papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome.

Bullous papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome in a 42-year-old female: Molecular detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in lesional skin

“…20 Parvovirus B19 has been described as the causative agent in about two-thirds of PPGSS cases. 21 However, in most of these reports, observation of antiparvovirus B19 immunoglobulin M antibodies and/or seroconversion were the sole methods to demonstrate the infection, [3][4][5]8,10,16,22,23 whereas molecular detection of virus-specific DNA by PCR was accomplished in only 10 cases from the serum 2,6,7,9,24,25 and in five cases from the skin. 2,6,7 Because of the high seroprevalence rate of 40% to 60% in the adult population of central Europe 26 and the possibility of cross-reactions for the immunoglobulin M antibody class (eg, measles, rubella, EpsteineBarr virus, and cytomegalovirus), 27 serologic recognition of the parvovirus B19 infection is no definite evidence for an etiologic implication.…”

“…On the other hand, the skin may obviously react to infection with one and the same agent (parvovirus B19) with several different skin conditions, such as erythema infectiosum, erythema multiforme, vasculitis, or pustular eruptions. 25 The pathogenetic mechanism underlying the mucocutaneous manifestations of PPGSS has not been elucidated. In several cases, parvovirus B19 was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy in keratinocytes, 7 dermal endothelial cells, 7,15 and sweat glands, 7 indicating epithelial and endothelial cells to be infected, but it is not yet clear whether productive replication of the virus occurs in the skin.…”

Characterization of Markers of the Progression of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Virus DNA-Positive Plasma Samples

“…B19V DNA at low, undetectable concentrations can persist in blood donors for months or years while anti-B19V IgG remains detectable [46,47,48]. It is possible that the 2 samples borderline negative for B19V DNA had very low B19V DNA levels as the result of a past infection [12,13,14,15]. The two B19VDNA-negative samples with no immune response markers may be indicative of persons susceptible of being infected with B19V in the future.…”

“…IgA antibodies are detectable for a short period following the onset of clinical symptoms [11]. IgM antibodies are detected late in the viremic stage - about day 10-12 with a peak at day 15-22 - and can persist several weeks or months after the acute infection [12,13,14,15]. IgG antibodies replace IgM in the humoral immune response.…”

Genotype 1 of human parvovirus B19 in clinical cases

“…Samples were tested using the B19V immunoassay kit and specific immunoglobulin M and G for identification of the VP2 protein (Biotrin International Ltd., Dublin, Ireland). The same samples were processed by real time qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and probes were designed to sequence the fragment region of the NS1-VP1 gene, encoding for the B19V non-structural protein (position 1399 to 1659), as previously described by Takano & Yamada, 6 using QIAamp® DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The samples were sequenced by nested-PCR using primers described by Servants.…”