Quantitation of IgG antibody to the type-specific polysaccharide of group B streptococcus type 1b in pregnant women and infected infants

Gotoff, Samuel P.; Papierniak, Cynthia K.; Klegerman, Melvin E.; Boyer, Kenneth M.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80436-9

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These in vitro antibody concentrations are in concordance with previously published quantities found to be “protective” against CPS type Ia, Ib, and III strains [25-27]. Further, CPS-specific human IgG concentrations of 1.0 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively, have been reported to protect mice against a 90% lethal dose challenge against type Ia and Ib strains [25, 26] and infants infected with type Ia and Ib GBS disease have concentrations below these in their acute sera. For infants and adults with invasive type III disease, concentrations of less than 2 μg/ml have been detected in acute sera [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Group B streptococcal conjugate vaccines elicit functional antibodies independent of strain O-acetylation

Pannaraj

Edwards

Ewing

et al. 2009

Vaccine

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Recently, it was discovered that sialic acid residues on group B streptococcal (GBS) capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are O-acetylated. Since GBS vaccine development has focused on de-O-acetylated CPS, it became germane to investigate the influence of de-O-acetylated GBS vaccine formulations on functional activity of sera against strains that bear the O-acetyl modification. Post-immunization sera from healthy adult recipients of de-O-acetylated GBS CPS-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccines were evaluated in opsonophagocytosis assays using 20 GBS clinical isolates representing type Ia, Ib, II, III, or V CPS that varied in amount of O-acetylation from 2 to 40 percent. Ninety percent or greater opsonophagocytosis and killing of all strains were achieved, using CPS type-specific post-immunization sera. These data indicate that de-O-acetylated CPS-conjugate vaccines contain immunogenic epitopes that offer protection against GBS, independent of O-acetyl CPS modifications. Thus, presence of O-acetyl groups on the GBS CPS is not essential for functional antibodies to be elicited by GBS glycoconjugate vaccines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Group B streptococcal conjugate vaccines elicit functional antibodies independent of strain O-acetylation

Pannaraj

Edwards

Ewing

et al. 2009

Vaccine

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“…Similar to other encapsulated bacteria, protection against GBS is generally mediated by serotype-specific antibodies, which can be evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (35). However, ELISA typically only measures IgG, and recent evidence has revealed that IgM contributes to opsonization-related immune protection against pneumococci among children and adults (3233).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and maternal screening has reduced the incidence of invasive GBS disease (e.g., sepsis and meningitis) during recent years, the rates of morbidity and mortality from invasive GBS disease remain high in many countries (2). Preliminary epidemiological studies revealed a correlation between low concentrations of maternally derived antibodies against the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of GBS and infants' susceptibility to GBS infection (345). Therefore, an intrapartum vaccine was developed to protect infants from invasive diseases, which generated transplacental-acquired serotype-specific capsular antibodies until the age of 3 months, as > 95% of invasive GBS diseases occur during this period (67).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opsonophagocytic Antibodies to Serotype Ia, Ib, and III Group BStreptococcusamong Korean Infants and in Intravenous Immunoglobulin Products

et al. 2017

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Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection is a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis among infants, and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Protection against GBS typically involves antibody-mediated opsonization by phagocytes and complement components. The present study evaluated serotype-specific functional antibodies to GBS among Korean infants and in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products. An opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPA) was used to calculate the opsonization indices (OIs) of functional antibodies to serotypes Ia, Ib, and III in 19 IVIG products from 5 international manufacturers and among 98 Korean infants (age: 0–11 months). The GBS Ia, Ib, and III serotypes were selected because they are included in a trivalent GBS vaccine formulation that is being developed. The OI values for the IVIG products were 635–5,706 (serotype Ia), 488–1,421 (serotype Ib), and 962–3,315 (serotype III), and none of the IVIG lots exhibited undetectable OI values (< 4). The geometric mean OI values were similar for all 3 serotypes when we compared the Korean manufacturers. The seropositive rate among infants was significantly lower for serotype Ia (18.4%), compared to serotype Ib and serotype III (both, 38.8%). Infant age of ≥ 3 months was positively correlated with the seropositive rates for each serotype. Therefore, only a limited proportion of infants exhibited protective immunity against serotype Ia, Ib, and III GBS infections. IVIG products that exhibit high antibody titers may be a useful therapeutic or preventive measure for infants. Further studies are needed to evaluate additional serotypes and age groups.

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“…This is probably due in part to low levels of maternal antibodies, which cross the placenta in the third trimester of pregnancy. A number of studies have shown low levels of GBS type-specific antibodies in infants with GBS sepsis and in their mothers (162). Other risk factors for early-onset GBS disease, which are common in preterm deliveries, include prolonged rupture of the amniotic membranes (Ͼ18 h before delivery), maternal intrapartum fever greater than 38°C, and maternal GBS UTI during the pregnancy or at delivery, which may reflect a high level of colonization or the presence of a particularly virulent strain.…”

Section: Gram-positive Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

2004

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Twenty percent of very-low-birth-weight (<1500 g) preterm infants experience a serious systemic infection, and despite advances in neonatal intensive care and antimicrobials, mortality is as much as threefold higher for these infants who develop sepsis than their counterparts without sepsis during their hospitalization. Outcomes may be improved by preventative strategies, earlier and accurate diagnosis, and adjunct therapies to combat infection and protect the vulnerable preterm infant during an infection. Earlier diagnosis on the basis of factors such as abnormal heart rate characteristics may offer the ability to initiate treatment prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Molecular and adjunctive diagnostics may also aid in diagnosing invasive infection when clinical symptoms indicate infection but no organisms are isolated in culture. Due to the high morbidity and mortality, preventative and adjunctive therapies are needed. Prophylaxis has been effective in preventing early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis and late-onset Candida sepsis. Future research in prophylaxis using active and passive immunization strategies offers prevention without the risk of resistance to antimicrobials. Identification of the differences in neonatal intensive care units with low and high infection rates and implementation of infection control measures remain paramount in each neonatal intensive care unit caring for preterm infants

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Quantitation of IgG antibody to the type-specific polysaccharide of group B streptococcus type 1b in pregnant women and infected infants

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Group B streptococcal conjugate vaccines elicit functional antibodies independent of strain O-acetylation

Group B streptococcal conjugate vaccines elicit functional antibodies independent of strain O-acetylation

Opsonophagocytic Antibodies to Serotype Ia, Ib, and III Group BStreptococcusamong Korean Infants and in Intravenous Immunoglobulin Products

Clinical Microbiology of Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

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