A crucial event in the process of apoptosis is caspasedependent generation of truncated Bid (tBid), inducing release of cytochrome c. In an in vitro reconstitution system we combined purified recombinant tBid with isolated liver mitochondria and identified the released proteins using a proteomic matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization postsource decay (MALDI-PSD) approach. In order to meet physiological conditions, the concentration of tBid was chosen such that it was unable to induce cytochrome c release in mitochondriaderivedfrom liver-specificBcl-2-transgenicmice. Several mitochondrial proteins were identified to be released in a tBid-dependent way, among which cytochrome c, DIABLO/ Smac, adenylate kinase 2, acyl-CoA-binding protein, endonuclease G, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein, a type-I RNA helicase, a WD-40 repeat-containing protein and the serine protease Omi. Western blotting confirmed the absence of adenylate kinase 3, a matrix mitochondrial protein. These results demonstrate that a physiologically relevant concentration of tBid is sufficient to induce release of particular intermembrane mitochondrial proteins belonging to a broad molecular-mass range.