Quantitative Analysis, Extraction Optimization, and Biological Evaluation of Cudrania tricuspidata Leaf and Fruit Extracts

Abstract

Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae) shows numerous pharmacological effects and has been used in traditional herbal remedies for inflammation, gastritis, tumors, and liver diseases. However, no validated analytical method for the standardization and optimization of the biological properties of C. tricuspidata preparations has been reported. We developed and validated a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation and quantification of active markers. Ethanolic extracts of C. tricuspidata leaves were prepared and evaluated for chemical profiles and biological activities. The 80% ethanolic extract demonstrated the greatest antioxidant activity and phenolic content, while the 100% ethanolic extract had the greatest total flavonoid content and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The validated HPLC method confirmed that chlorogenic acid, rutin, and kaempferol were present in C. tricuspidata leaf extracts. We postulated that the antioxidant and anti-hyperuricemic/gout effects of C. tricuspidata extract could be attributed to these marker compounds. Our results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of the leaf extract may be utilized for the treatment and prevention of hyperuricemia-related diseases, and the validated method and marker compounds could be applied for the quality control of C. tricuspidata preparations.

Development and Validation of a HPLC-UV Method for Extraction Optimization and Biological Evaluation of Hot-Water and Ethanolic Extracts of Dendropanax morbifera Leaves

“…Additionally, Yoon et al [ 18 ] demonstrated that Quercus acuta extract showed approximately 50% XO inhibitory activity at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Cudrania tricuspidata extract inhibited XO by approximately 75% at a concentration of 2 mg/mL [ 21 ]. The plant extracts with XO inhibitory activity at 1 and 2 mg/mL demonstrated consistent effects in the in vivo animal disease model.…”

Application of Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extract as a washing agent to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes on fresh‐cut romaine lettuce and kale

“…Total phenolic content of CTLE was determined according to the method described by Song et al (2017) with minor modifications. Briefly, CTLE (40 mg) was dissolved in 80% methanol (10 mL), and the solution (100 lL) was diluted with distilled water (2.5 mL) and then mixed with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (100 lL).…”

“…Cudrania tricuspidata of the Mulberry family is cultivated in Korea, China, Japan and Russia (Song et al, 2017), and it is commonly called silkworm thorn (Kim & Lee, 2015). Anthocyanin, flavonoids and polyphenols present in the leaves, berries and roots of Cudrania tricuspidata are known to have pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammation (Oh & Lim, 2011), anti-obesity (Jo et al, 2015) and antioxidant activities (Lee et al, 2009).…”

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Steam-Distilled Essential Oil and Glycosidically Bound Volatiles from Maclura Tricuspidata Fruit

“…They have traditionally been used to prepare fresh juice, jam, wine, vinegar and fermented alcoholic beverages in Korea. Previous studies have reported that the extracts and components of M. tricuspidata fruits have strong antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities in an in vitro system [22,23]. The antioxidant activity of M. tricuspidata fruit extract is associated with the presence of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids [17,24].…”