Quantitative Analysis of Apoptotic Cell Death Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Abstract

Quantification of apoptotic cell death in vivo has become treatment (r 2 ! .947, N ! 27 samples). There was also a direct temporal relationship between an increase in the CH 2 / an important area of investigation in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have devised a noninva-CH 3 signal intensity ratio and the onset of apoptosis as detected by nuclear morphologic analysis, fluorescein-annexin sive analytical method to estimate the percentage of apoptotic lymphoblasts in doxorubicin-treated Jurkat T-cell ALL V flow cytometry, and DNA gel electrophoresis. Thin-layer chromatography confirmed that a dynamic and/or composi-cultures, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR). We have found that the ratio of the methyl-tional change of the plasma membrane, rather than increases in lipase activity or fatty acid production, appears ene (CH 2 ) resonance (at 1.3 ppm) to the methyl (CH 3 ) resonance (at 0.9 ppm) signal intensity, as observed by 1 H NMR, to account for the increase in the CH 2 /CH 3 signal intensity ratio during apoptosis. 1 H NMR may have clinical utility for is directly proportional to the percentage of apoptotic lymphoblasts in vitro. The correlation between the CH 2 /CH 3 the early noninvasive assessment of chemotherapeutic efficacy in patients with ALL. signal intensity ratio and the percentage of apoptotic lymphoblasts was optimal 24 to 28 hours after doxorubicin ᭧

Lipid biomarkers of glioma cell growth arrest and cell death detected by 1H magic angle spinning MRS

“…Increases in the fatty acid signals at 0.89, 1.3, 1.58 and 2.2 ppm with longer exposure to cisplatin demonstrated the accumulation of -CH 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -C = O and -CH 2 -CH 2 -C = O moieties, respectively, arising from fatty acid chains, which could be saturated or unsaturated. Contrary to previous studies (19), the ratio of the signals CH 2 /-CH 3 did not increase significantly during treatment, implying that there is no substantial change in the mean chain length of the fatty acids. The difference Table 1.…”

Early detection of radiation therapy response in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma xenografts byin vivo1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging

“…Increases in 1 H MRS visible lipids have been observed following induction of apoptosis in many tumors (17,(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). While the lipid methyl and methylene peaks can increase as a result of necrosis as well as apoptosis, the PUFA peak increases only after apoptosis (41).…”

Detection of apoptotic cell death in vitro in the presence of Gd‐DTPA‐BMA

“…Moreover, it has been shown that high-frequency ultrasound (18) measurements of back-scattered intensity can distinguish between normal and apoptotic cells in cell samples, tissue, and tumors. In particular, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has demonstrated increased lipid mobility (19,20), which indicates the presence of lipid droplets, and increased choline levels (7), which indicates changes in glycolysis and in the phosphatidylcholine synthesis pathways. MRI diffusion shows promise in detecting the decreased cellularity and increased extracellular water content at late stages of apoptosis (12,13) and can indicate changes in cell membrane permeability (21).…”