Quantitative analysis of estradiol and six other steroid hormones in human saliva using a high throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay

Gao, Wei; Stalder, Tobias; Kirschbaum, Clemens

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.004

Cited by 103 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Potential reasons for this are that estradiol levels fluctuate along the day due to the circadian rhythm (Shirtcliff et al, 2000), between different cycles (Becker et al, 2005) and sometimes exhibits different pattern from woman to woman (Gandara et al, 2007). In addition, insufficient analytical accuracy in individual assays have already been reported (Gao et al, 2015) and other studies have also failed to replicate the expected pattern of estradiol along the menstrual cycle in salivary samples, although the correlation with serum estradiol was high (Lu et al, 1999). One explanation for this could be inter-individual differences in the metabolism of estradiol within the salivary glands (Lu et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effects of Dopamine Baseline Levels and Cycle Phase on Executive Functions: The Role of Progesterone

Hidalgo-Lopez

Pletzer

2017

Front. Neurosci.

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Estradiol and progesterone levels vary along the menstrual cycle and have multiple neuroactive effects, including on the dopaminergic system. Dopamine relates to executive functions in an “inverted U-shaped” manner and its levels are increased by estradiol. Accordingly, dopamine dependent changes in executive functions along the menstrual cycle have been previously studied in the pre-ovulatory phase, when estradiol levels peak. Specifically it has been demonstrated that working memory is enhanced during the pre-ovulatory phase in women with low dopamine baseline levels, but impaired in women with high dopamine baseline levels. However, the role of progesterone, which peaks in the luteal cycle phase, has not been taken into account previously. Therefore, the main goals of the present study were to extend these findings (i) to the luteal cycle phase and (ii) to other executive functions. Furthermore, the usefulness of the eye blink rate (EBR) as an indicator of dopamine baseline levels in menstrual cycle research was explored. 36 naturally cycling women were tested during three cycle phases (menses–low sex hormones; pre-ovulatory–high estradiol; luteal–high progesterone and estradiol). During each session, women performed a verbal N-back task, as measure of working memory, and a single trial version of the Stroop task, as measure of response inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Hormone levels were assessed from saliva samples and spontaneous eye blink rate was recorded during menses. In the N-back task, women were faster during the luteal phase the higher their progesterone levels, irrespective of their dopamine baseline levels. In the Stroop task, we found a dopamine-cycle interaction, which was also driven by the luteal phase and progesterone levels. For women with higher EBR performance decreased during the luteal phase, whereas for women with lower EBR performance improved during the luteal phase. These findings suggest an important role of progesterone in modulating dopamine-cycle interactions. Additionally, we identified the eye blink rate as a non-invasive indicator of baseline dopamine function in menstrual cycle research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effects of Dopamine Baseline Levels and Cycle Phase on Executive Functions: The Role of Progesterone

Hidalgo-Lopez

Pletzer

2017

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Early MALDI studies focused on the analysis of isolated (pure) peptides and proteins, but it was soon evident that complex mixtures could also be analyzed, and with the judicious selection of matrix, matrix formulation, and analyte concentration, almost all molecular types can be analyzed, including lipids (lipidomics) (9 ), carbohydrates (glycomics) (10 ), hormones (11,12 ), drugs and drug metabolites (13 ), and nucleotides and nucleosides (14 ).…”

Section: Evolution Of Maldi and Current Performance Characteristics Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of MALDI Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Chemistry

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) is set to make inroads into clinical chemistry because it offers advantages over other analytical platforms. These advantages include low acquisition and operating costs, ease of use, ruggedness, and high throughput. When coupled with innovative front-end strategies and applied to important clinical problems, it can deliver rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective assays. CONTENT This review describes the general principles of MALDI-TOF MS, highlights the unique features of the platform, and discusses some practical methods based upon it. There is substantial potential for MALDI-TOF MS to make further inroads into clinical chemistry because of the selectivity of mass detection and its ability to independently quantify proteoforms. SUMMARY MALDI-TOF MS has already transformed the practice of clinical microbiology and this review illustrates how and why it is now set to play an increasingly important role in in vitro diagnostics in particular, and clinical chemistry in general.

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“…[50][51][52] The authors also describe the advantage of LC-MS/ MS compared to immunoassay in relation to sensitivity. [50][51][52] The authors also describe the advantage of LC-MS/ MS compared to immunoassay in relation to sensitivity.…”

Section: Hormone Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have shown that LC-MS/MS could reliably and accurately detect salivary testosterone in males as well as in females. [50][51][52] The authors also describe the advantage of LC-MS/ MS compared to immunoassay in relation to sensitivity. Gao et al postulated a linear range of all steroid measurements of 0.001-10 ng/mL, exceeding the linearity range of the used immunoassay in the present study (0.007 -4.5 ng/mL).…”

Section: Correlation Of Salivary Testosterone Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential detection of low‐dose transdermal testosterone administration in blood, urine, and saliva

Schönfelder

Hofmann

Schulz

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Administration of low amounts of endogenous hormones - so-called micro-dosages - are supposed to represent a major challenge in doping analysis. To model such a situation, we have studied transdermal administrations of 2.4 mg/24 h testosterone patches and examined various steroid concentrations in blood, urine, and saliva of 11 volunteers. Multiple samples were collected at t = 0, 3, 6, 9, 24, 48, and 72 h in four different phases, i.e., all combinations with/without physical exercise and with/without testosterone. Testosterone was analyzed by enzyme-linked-immuno-assay as well as by mass spectrometry and validated in an accredited anti-doping laboratory. Circadian controls with and without exercise did not provoke prominent alterations of whole, free, and salivary testosterone. Testosterone application for 24 h led to a significant (all p < 0.001) mean increase above controls: total testosterone (median: 5.2 vs. 8.0 ng/mL), free testosterone (median: 11.3 vs. 15.6 pg/mL), and salivary testosterone (median: 62.4 vs. 99.9 pg/mL). Additionally, all three testosterone measurements indicated significant correlations to each other (all r > 0.538, all p < .001). Circadian-matching showed peaking testosterone values after 6 h and 9 h, reaching highest augmentation up to 252.6 ± 123.5% in saliva after 9 h. After removal of the testosterone patch, all testosterone levels in blood, saliva, and urine returned to baseline within 24 h. Different techniques of hormone detection (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)) indicated significant correlations. Results indicate that saliva, blood, and urine exhibit comparable hormone augmentation during micro-dose testosterone application, indicating a possible consideration in future doping analysis. The inter-individual variability was high in all biofluids, requiring the use of an individual biological passport rather than statistical values. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Quantitative analysis of estradiol and six other steroid hormones in human saliva using a high throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay

Cited by 103 publications

References 34 publications

Interactive Effects of Dopamine Baseline Levels and Cycle Phase on Executive Functions: The Role of Progesterone

Interactive Effects of Dopamine Baseline Levels and Cycle Phase on Executive Functions: The Role of Progesterone

Applications of MALDI Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Chemistry

Potential detection of low‐dose transdermal testosterone administration in blood, urine, and saliva

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