Quantitative analysis of fat and protein concentrations of milk based on fibre-optic evaluation of back scattering intensity

Katsumata, Tōru; Aizawa, Hiroaki; Komuro, Shuji; Ito, Shinji; Matsumoto, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104743

“…Different approaches and measuring schemes (Figures 5 and 6) are used for the registration of the NIR spectra of milk, including collimated transmission (CT) [84], diffuse transmission (DT) [64], diffuse reflection (DR) [85], backscattering (BS) [86].…”

Section: Near-infrared (Nir) and Visible Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Composites

2021

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“…Different approaches and measuring schemes (Figures 5 and 6) are used for the registration of the NIR spectra of milk, including collimated transmission (CT) [84], diffuse transmission (DT) [64], diffuse reflection (DR) [85], backscattering (BS) [86]. size distribution which can vary in each sample of milk [50].…”

Section: Near-infrared (Nir) and Visible Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different approaches and measuring schemes (Figures 5 and 6) are used for the registration of the NIR spectra of milk, including collimated transmission (CT) [84], diffuse transmission (DT) [64], diffuse reflection (DR) [85], backscattering (BS) [86]. In contrast to the off-line milk analyzers based on FTIR spectrometers working in the MIR spectral region, NIR technology allows developing portable devices for fast on-farm milk quality control [95] and analytical solutions for in-line applications in milking robots [96] and automated milking systems [97].…”

Section: Near-infrared (Nir) and Visible Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk as a Complex Multiphase Polydisperse System: Approaches for the Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

Smirnova

¹

,

Коноплев

²

,

Mukhin

³

et al. 2020

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Milk is a product that requires quality control at all stages of production: from the dairy farm, processing at the dairy plant to finished products. Milk is a complex multiphase polydisperse system, whose components not only determine the quality and price of raw milk, but also reflect the physiological state of the herd. Today’s production volumes and rates require simple, fast, cost-effective, and accurate analytical methods, and most manufacturers want to move away from methods that use reagents that increase analysis time and move to rapid analysis methods. The review presents methods for the rapid determination of the main components of milk, examines their advantages and disadvantages. Optical spectroscopy is a fast, non-destructive, precise, and reliable tool for determination of the main constituents and common adulterants in milk. While mid-infrared spectroscopy is a well-established off-line laboratory technique for the routine quality control of milk, near-infrared technologies provide relatively low-cost and robust solutions suitable for on-site and in-line applications on milking farms and dairy production facilities. Other techniques, discussed in this review, including Raman spectroscopy, atomic spectroscopy, molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, are also used for milk analysis but much less extensively. Acoustic methods are also suitable for non-destructive on-line analysis of milk. Acoustic characterization can provide information on fat content, particle size distribution of fat and proteins, changes in the biophysical properties of milk over time, the content of specific proteins and pollutants. The basic principles of ultrasonic techniques, including transmission, pulse-echo, interferometer, and microbalance approaches, are briefly described and milk parameters measured with their help, including frequency ranges and measurement accuracy, are given.

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“…The pump source energy passes through the turbid media depending on optical properties such as the refractive index, scattering, anisotropic factor, and laser light absorption [4]. The optical properties of milk based on backscattering intensity can be used to study fat and protein concentrations [5]. The complex fluid of milk is made up of many components such as water, lipids, lactose and protein [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many recent studies on light propagation in milk involve backscattering [5], external cavity-quantum cascade laser spectroscopy [6], and laser diffraction and centrifugation [7]. Authors in [8] introduced the simplified NIR spectroscopy in measuring the end of milk fermentation by transforming sugar to lactic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Quality of Milk using Spectrometry Technique and Scattering Theory

Kamil

¹

,

Nor’aini

²

,

Ismail

³

et al. 2021

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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Milk is a dairy product that contains dissolved proteins, carbohydrates, fat, and many minerals. Milk enhances body growth and provides vital energy and fatty acids. Milk can turn bad after being kept at room temperature for several days. The endurance of milk could depend on its fat and protein composition. Our work aims to compare the quality of milk after being kept at room temperature for several days using spectroscopy methods. Modeling based on scattering theory is also provided to compare the light propagation in milk, water, and air. A VIS-NIR spectrometer was used to observe the light absorption, transmission, and reflectance whereas a modeling approach was applied to study the scattering, absorption, and extinction efficiencies. The milk samples consist of full cream milk kept at room temperature for 8 days, 11 days, 14 days, and 17 days. The results show that milk without fermentation has higher light absorbance and lower transmission compared to milk with fermentation, due to changes in milk composition after the fermentation process. Milk scatters more light compared to water and air due to its fat globule and protein ingredients. The output of this study can be used as a reference for studies involving bacteria or microorganisms in milk. It also can be used to compare the quality of milk with and without air exposure.

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Quantitative analysis of fat and protein concentrations of milk based on fibre-optic evaluation of back scattering intensity

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Multifunctional Composites

Multifunctional Composites

Milk as a Complex Multiphase Polydisperse System: Approaches for the Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

Investigating the Quality of Milk using Spectrometry Technique and Scattering Theory

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