Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution Sources, Influencing Factors, and Delineation of Pollution Risk Areas in Industrial Soil: A Combined Application of Receptor Models and GeoDetector

Abstract

The identification of factors influencing heavy metals (HMs) pollution distribution in industrial sites and delineation of risk areas are critical for preventing soil pollution during production processes. This study introduced a methodology that integrates receptor models and Geodetector, which aim to quantitatively analyze the contribution of the influencing factors of the spatial distribution of HMs in soil and accurately delineate the pollution risk areas within industrial sites. This methodology was applied at a shipyard site. Through the employment of receptor models and Geodetector, we assessed the influence of various factors, such as the distribution of production workshops, offices, and material stacking yard, hydrogeological conditions, and soil physicochemical properties, on the spatial distribution of HMs in the soil. The findings indicate that the sources of HMs are closely associated with specific production processes. By further applying the interaction detector and risk detector of Geodetector and considering the multifactor influences, we delineated primary pollution areas, high-risk pollution areas, and potential pollution areas of HMs within the shipyard site. This provides an indication of severely contaminated areas and the pollution diffusion trend of HMs within the sites, thereby offering scientific guidance for the prevention and mitigation of soil HMs pollution in industrial sites.