Quantitative Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1997 to 2017, China

Abstract

Economic development is responsible for excessive sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, environmental pressure increases, and human and environmental risks. This study used spatial autocorrelation, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model to study the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and influencing factors of SO2 emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 1997 to 2017. Our results show that the total SO2 emissions in the YREB rose from 513.14 × 104 t to 974.00 × 104 t before dropping to 321.97 × 104 t. The SO2 emissions from 11 provinces first increased and then decreased, each with different turning points. For example, the emission trends changed in Yunnan in 2011 and in Anhui in 2015, while the other nine provinces saw their emission trends change during 2005–2006. Furthermore, the SO2 emissions in the YREB showed a significant agglomeration phenomenon, with a Moran index of approximately 0.233–0.987. Moreover, the EKC of SO2 emissions and per capita GDP in the YREB was N-shaped. The EKCs of eight of the 11 provinces were N-shaped (Shanghai, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, and Chongqing) and those of the other three were inverted U-shaped (Jiangsu, Yunnan, and Hubei). Thus, economic development can both promote and inhibit the emission of SO2. Finally, during the study period, the technical effect (approximately −1387.97 × 104–130.24 × 104 t) contributed the most, followed by the economic (approximately 27.81 × 104–1255.59 × 104 t), structural (approximately −56.45 × 104–343.90 × 104 t), and population effects (approximately 4.25 × 104–39.70 × 104 t). Technology was the dominant factor in SO2 emissions reduction, while economic growth played a major role in promoting SO2 emissions. Therefore, to promote SO2 emission reduction, technological innovations and advances should be the primary point of focus.

Solid Fuel Combustion and Air Pollution: Filling the Data Gap and Future Priorities

“…Among the published papers in the first edition, the drivers of energy choices, the emission characteristics of solid fuel combustion, spatial and temporal variations in air pollution at different scales, and the health effects of the particle composition of solid fuel combustion were systematically discussed [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Mperejekumana et al revealed that higher socio-economic levels (credit access) could increase the likelihood of choosing LPG by 22.7%, while higher levels of education can also help residents to choose cleaner residential fuels [ 1 ].…”

“…Therefore, more research into the emission characteristics of solid fuel combustion, both in the field and in the laboratory, are encouraged. Some publications focused on the factors affecting the emission inventory for urban or national air pollution [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], which also contributes to understanding the impacts of various sources, including solid fuels. A prospective cohort study looking at the health effects of biomass smoke on children found that prolonged exposure to unimproved stoves increased the risk of maternal-reported allergic asthma (odd ratios, OR = 2.42, 95% confidence of intervals, 95% CI: 1.11–5.48) and rhinitis symptoms (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.13–3.58) [ 7 ].…”