Quantitative Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in Ligamentum Flavum of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Disc Herniation

Lee

The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery

et al. 2005

Self Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertrophy of Ligamentum Flavum in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Associated with Increased Proteinase Inhibitor Concentration

Lee

The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery

et al. 2005

Self Cite

“…Quite likely, cells extracted from hernia tissue are a mixed population of nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and other various cell types from the external periphery (Brock et al, 1992;Harada et al, 1989;Willburger et al, 2004). During the period preceding hernia resection, this tissue will experience unusual loading conditions and potential inflammatory responses (Ikeda et al, 1996;Park et al, 2001). The increased inflammatory factors may have highly negative or fibrotic influence on the phenotype of the cells isolated from this herniation tissue, reflecting markers of degeneration.…”

Section: Continuous Expansion Culture Of Np Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis in continuous expansion of bovine and human primary nucleus pulposus cells for tissue repair applications

Rosenzweig¹,

Gravel²,

Bisson³

et al. 2017

eCM

Autologous NP cell implantation is a potential therapeutic avenue for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, monolayer expansion of cells isolated from surgical samples may negatively impact matrix production by way of dedifferentiation. Previously, we have used a continuous expansion culture system to successfully preserve a chondrocyte phenotype. In this work, we hypothesised that continuous expansion culture could also preserve nucleus pulposus (NP) phenotype. We confirmed that serial passaging drove NP dedifferentiation by significantly decreasing collagen type II, aggrecan and chondroadherin (CHAD) gene expression, compared to freshly isolated cells. Proliferation, gene expression profile and matrix production in both culture conditions were compared using primary bovine NP cells. Both standard culture and continuous culture produced clinically relevant cell populations. However, continuous culture cells maintained significantly higher collagen type II, aggrecan and CHAD transcript expression levels. Also, continuous expansion cells generated greater amounts of proteoglycan, collagen type II and aggrecan protein deposition in pellet cultures. To our surprise, continuous expansion of human intervertebral disc cells -isolated from acute herniation tissue -produced less collagen type II, aggrecan and CHAD genes and proteins, compared to standard culture. Also, continuous culture of cells isolated from young non-degenerate tissue did not preserve gene and protein expression, compared to standard culture. These data indicated that primary bovine and human NP cells responded differently to continuous culture, where the positive effects observed for bovine cells did not translate to human cells. Therefore, caution must be exercised when choosing animal models and cell sources for pre-clinical studies.

“…16 We measured the thickness of the ligamentum flavum three times and used the average of the three repeated measurements as the final value.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of the Ligamentum Flavummentioning

confidence: 99%

Amyloid deposits derived from transthyretin in the ligamentum flavum as related to lumbar spinal canal stenosis

et al. 2015

Amyloidosis is a protein conformational disorder with the distinctive feature of extracellular accumulation of amyloid fibrils that come from different proteins. In the ligamentum flavum of the lumbar spine, amyloid deposits were frequently found in elderly patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis and were at least partially formed by wild-type transthyretin. However, how amyloid deposits in the ligamentum flavum affect lumbar spinal canal stenosis has remained unclear. In this study, we analyzed clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings of patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis who had amyloid deposits in the ligamentum flavum. We studied 95 ligamentum flavum specimens obtained from 56 patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis and 21 ligamentum flavum specimens obtained from 19 patients with lumbar disk herniation. We evaluated histopathologic findings and clinicoradiologic manifestations, such as thickness of the ligamentum flavum and lumbar spinal segmental instability. We found that all 95 ligamentum flavum specimens resected from patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis had amyloid deposits, which we classified into two types, transthyretin-positive and transthyretinnegative, and that transthyretin amyloid formation in the ligamentum flavum of patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis was an age-associated phenomenon. The amount of amyloid in the ligamentum flavum was related to clinical manifestations of lumbar spinal canal stenosis, such as thickness of the ligamentum flavum and lumbar spinal segmental instability, in the patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis with transthyretin-positive amyloid deposits. To our knowledge, this report is the first to show clinicopathologic correlations in transthyretin amyloid deposits of the ligamentum flavum. In conclusion, transthyretin amyloid deposits in the ligamentum flavum may be related to the pathogenesis of lumbar spinal canal stenosis in elderly patients.