Quantitative analysis of yeast gene function using competition experiments in continuous culture

Baganz, Frank; Hayes, Andrew; Farquhar, Ronnie; Butler, Philip R.; Gardner, David C.; Oliver, Stephen G.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199811)14:15<1417::aid-yea334>3.0.co;2-n

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Quantitative PCR. Strain frequencies were estimated by quantitative PCR and densitometry (Baganz et al, 1998 Selection coefficients were calculated as for the batch experiment, except that each strain's frequency was compared with the sum of the frequencies of the two competing strains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reciprocal chromosomal translocations on the fitness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2004

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Yeast species have undergone extensive genome reorganization in their evolutionary history, including variations in chromosome number and large chromosomal rearrangements, such as translocations. To determine directly the contribution of chromosomal translocations to the whole organism's fitness, we devised a strategy to construct in Saccharomyces cerevisiae collinear 'evolutionary mimics' of other species originally differing by the presence of reciprocal translocations in their genome. A modification of the Cre/loxP system was used to create in S. cerevisiae the translocations detected in the sibling species Saccharomyces mikatae IFO 1815 and 1816. Competition experiments under different physiological conditions showed that the translocated strains of S. cerevisiae consistently outcompeted the reference S. cerevisiae strain with no translocation, both in batch and chemostat culture, especially under glucose limitation. These results indicate that chromosomal translocations in Saccharomyces may have an adaptive significance, and lend support to a model of fixation by natural selection of reciprocal translocations in Saccharomyces species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reciprocal chromosomal translocations on the fitness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2004

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“…Knowledge of whether trehalose influences the yeast growth rate during ethanol stress, no matter how small that influence may be, is important if the role of trehalose and its mode of action in the ethanol tolerance of yeast are to be established. Competition cultures are capable of detecting small differences in the growth rate of strains that would not normally be observed using conventional batch growth experiments (Baganz et al, 1998;Thatcher et al, 1998). With this in mind, competitive growth experiments were used in this work to determine whether there are marginal differences in the growth rates (competitive fitness) of the wild type and tsl1D or nthl1D strains during sublethal ethanol stress.…”

Section: Competitive Growth At Sublethal Ethanol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trehalose promotes the survival ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeduring lethal ethanol stress, but does not influence growth under sublethal ethanol stress

Bandara

Fraser

Chambers

et al. 2009

FEMS Yeast Research

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Trehalose is known to protect cells from various environmental assaults; however, its role in the ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains controversial. Many previous studies report correlations between trehalose levels and ethanol tolerance across a variety of strains, yet variations in genetic background make it difficult to separate the impact of trehalose from other stress response factors. In the current study, investigations were conducted on the ethanol tolerance of S. cerevisiae BY4742 and BY4742 deletion strains, tsl1Delta and nth1Delta, across a range of ethanol concentrations. It was found that trehalose does play a role in ethanol tolerance at lethal ethanol concentrations, but not at sublethal ethanol concentrations; differences of 20-40% in the intracellular trehalose concentration did not provide any growth advantage for cells incubated in the presence of sublethal ethanol concentrations. It was speculated that the ethanol concentration-dependent nature of the trehalose effect supports a mechanism for trehalose in protecting cellular proteins from the damaging effects of ethanol.

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“…In such cultures, a feedback loop, varying the input rate of fresh growth medium, acts to maintain a constant cell density. Thus, population growth can be maintained at the highest possible rate [9,10]. These conditions allow us to identify those genes which are phenotype is independent of any specific nutrient limitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haploinsufficiency and the sex chromosomes from yeasts to humans

2011

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BackgroundHaploinsufficient (HI) genes are those for which a reduction in copy number in a diploid from two to one results in significantly reduced fitness. Haploinsufficiency is increasingly implicated in human disease, and so predicting this phenotype could provide insights into the genetic mechanisms behind many human diseases, including some cancers.ResultsIn the present work we show that orthologues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae HI genes are preferentially retained across the kingdom Fungi, and that the HI genes of S. cerevisiae can be used to predict haploinsufficiency in humans. Our HI gene predictions confirm known associations between haploinsufficiency and genetic disease, and predict several further disorders in which the phenotype may be relevant. Haploinsufficiency is also clearly relevant to the gene-dosage imbalances inherent in eukaryotic sex-determination systems. In S. cerevisiae, HI genes are over-represented on chromosome III, the chromosome that determines yeast's mating type. This may be a device to select against the loss of one copy of chromosome III from a diploid. We found that orthologues of S. cerevisiae HI genes are also over-represented on the mating-type chromosomes of other yeasts and filamentous fungi. In animals with heterogametic sex determination, accumulation of HI genes on the sex chromosomes would compromise fitness in both sexes, given X chromosome inactivation in females. We found that orthologues of S. cerevisiae HI genes are significantly under-represented on the X chromosomes of mammals and of Caenorhabditis elegans. There is no X inactivation in Drosophila melanogaster (increased expression of X in the male is used instead) and, in this species, we found no depletion of orthologues to yeast HI genes on the sex chromosomes.ConclusionA special relationship between HI genes and the sex/mating-type chromosome extends from S. cerevisiae to Homo sapiens, with the microbe being a useful model for species throughout the evolutionary range. Furthermore, haploinsufficiency in yeast can predict the phenotype in higher organisms.

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Quantitative analysis of yeast gene function using competition experiments in continuous culture

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of reciprocal chromosomal translocations on the fitness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Effects of reciprocal chromosomal translocations on the fitness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Trehalose promotes the survival ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeduring lethal ethanol stress, but does not influence growth under sublethal ethanol stress

Haploinsufficiency and the sex chromosomes from yeasts to humans

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