Quantitative Anatomy of the Cerebral Vascular Bed With Especial Emphasis on Homogeneity and Inhomogeneity in Small Parts of the Gray and White Matter

Lierse, W.; Horstmann, Ernst

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1965.tb01946.x

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The microvasculature density of white matter has been estimated using MRI techniques to range from 10–192 microvessels/mm 2 for white matter versus 99–761 microvessels/mm 2 for gray matter (Jensen et al, 2006). Reduced vascular density can also be observed histologically (Figure 1A; Lierse and Horstmann, 1965). In addition, blood vessels in white matter can be clearly seen during neurosurgery.…”

Section: The Possible Physiological Bases Of Bold Fmri Signal In Whitmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…(A) Capillary density for various layers of the cortex (left panel) compared to white matter (right panel). Fixed human brains were embedded in paraffin, sectioned (10 microns) and stained by means of Goldner's trichrome-method (reproduced with permission; Lierse and Horstmann, 1965). (B) Blood vessels on the surface of the corpus callosum (circled in blue).…”

Section: Motivation To Investigate White Matter Fmrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vasculature in white matter has been described based on histological methods (Lierse and Horstmann, 1965; Duvernoy et al, 1981), as well as more recently with novel MRI methods. These studies have estimated that the venous vessels in white matter are, on average, approximately the same size as those in gray matter, although the white matter venous vessel density is approximately half the value of gray matter (Jochimsen et al, 2010; Table 1).…”

Section: The Possible Physiological Bases Of Bold Fmri Signal In Whitmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Does functional MRI detect activation in white matter? A review of emerging evidence, issues, and future directions

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive technique that allows for visualization of activated brain regions. Until recently, fMRI studies have focused on gray matter. There are two main reasons white matter fMRI remains controversial: (1) the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI signal depends on cerebral blood flow and volume, which are lower in white matter than gray matter and (2) fMRI signal has been associated with post-synaptic potentials (mainly localized in gray matter) as opposed to action potentials (the primary type of neural activity in white matter). Despite these observations, there is no direct evidence against measuring fMRI activation in white matter and reports of fMRI activation in white matter continue to increase. The questions underlying white matter fMRI activation are important. White matter fMRI activation has the potential to greatly expand the breadth of brain connectivity research, as well as improve the assessment and diagnosis of white matter and connectivity disorders. The current review provides an overview of the motivation to investigate white matter fMRI activation, as well as the published evidence of this phenomenon. We speculate on possible neurophysiologic bases of white matter fMRI signals, and discuss potential explanations for why reports of white matter fMRI activation are relatively scarce. We end with a discussion of future basic and clinical research directions in the study of white matter fMRI.

show abstract

Section: The Possible Physiological Bases Of Bold Fmri Signal In Whitmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Motivation To Investigate White Matter Fmrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Possible Physiological Bases Of Bold Fmri Signal In Whitmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Does functional MRI detect activation in white matter? A review of emerging evidence, issues, and future directions

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Histologically, vascular density in WM was shown to be reduced compared to GM. 28 Studies using PET, the gold standard, report CBV of 2.6 ml/100 g in WM and 4.6 ml/100 g in GM. 29 Using MRI, Jochimsen et al showed that vessel density in WM is about half of the density in GM and that the average vessel radius is about 13.5 mm in both GM and WM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic cerebral vascular architecture causes orientation dependency in cerebral blood flow and volume measured with dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging

Hernández‐Torres

Kassner

Forkert

et al. 2016

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Measurements of cerebral perfusion using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging rely on the assumption of isotropic vascular architecture. However, a considerable fraction of vessels runs in parallel with white matter tracts. Here, we investigate the effects of tissue orientation on dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Tissue orientation was measured using diffusion tensor imaging and dynamic susceptibility contrast was performed with gradient echo planar imaging. Perfusion parameters and the raw dynamic susceptibility contrast signals were correlated with tissue orientation. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed for a range of vascular volumes of both the isotropic vascular bed and anisotropic vessel components, as well as for a range of contrast agent concentrations. The effect of the contrast agent was much larger in white matter tissue perpendicular to the main magnetic field compared to white matter parallel to the main magnetic field. In addition, cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume were affected in the same way with angle-dependent variations of up to 130%. Mean transit time and time to maximum of the residual curve exhibited weak orientation dependency of 10%. Numerical simulations agreed with the measured data, showing that one-third of the white matter vascular volume is comprised of vessels running in parallel with the fibre tracts.

show abstract

“…The vascular density in gray matter is approximately 3-fold higher than the vascular density in white matter (Lierse and Horstmann, 1965). The emulsion autoradiography shows the fusion protein is not sequestered to the brain vasculature but is transcytosed through the BBB to enter brain parenchyma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) and an IgG-GDNF Fusion Protein in the Rhesus Monkey

Boado¹,

Pardridge²

2009

Drug Metab Dispos

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The brain drug development of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is prevented by the lack of transport of this protein across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). GDNF transport across the BBB can be made possible by re-engineering the neurotrophin as a fusion protein with a genetically engineered monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the human insulin receptor (HIR), which crosses the BBB on the endogenous insulin receptor. The present work was designed to compare the BBB transport in vivo of GDNF and the HIR MAb-GDNF fusion protein. Owing to species specificity of HIR MAb binding to the insulin receptor, the present studies were performed in the adult rhesus monkey. The brain uptake of human IgG1 was determined to assess the uptake of a brain plasma volume marker. The brain clearance of GDNF was no different from the clearance of the IgG1, which indicated GDNF does not cross the primate BBB in vivo. In contrast, BBB transport of the HIR MAb-GDNF fusion protein was shown with film and emulsion autoradiography, as well as the capillary depletion method. In parallel with the increased brain uptake, fusion of the GDNF to the HIR MAb resulted in a decrease in the uptake of GDNF by liver, spleen, and kidney. Administration of the HIR MAb-GDNF fusion protein had no effect on glycemic control. The brain uptake parameters show that a systemic dose of the HIR MAb-GDNF fusion protein of 0.2 mg/kg may generate a 10-fold increase in the cerebral concentration of GDNF in the human brain.

show abstract

Quantitative Anatomy of the Cerebral Vascular Bed With Especial Emphasis on Homogeneity and Inhomogeneity in Small Parts of the Gray and White Matter

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Does functional MRI detect activation in white matter? A review of emerging evidence, issues, and future directions

Does functional MRI detect activation in white matter? A review of emerging evidence, issues, and future directions

Anisotropic cerebral vascular architecture causes orientation dependency in cerebral blood flow and volume measured with dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging

Comparison of Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) and an IgG-GDNF Fusion Protein in the Rhesus Monkey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About