Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Soil Microflora Associated With Different Management Systems

Martyniuk, S.; Wagner, George H.

doi:10.1097/00010694-197806000-00002

Cited by 75 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Accordingly these results, Lima et al (23) found a higher number of bacteria in unfertilized soil compared to soil fertilized with superphosphate. Differently, Martyniuk and Wagner (24) found that microbial populations were greater in fertilized soil than in unfertilized soil. However, organic phosphorus decreased in the soil fertilized with superphosphate or rock phosphate when compared with the control (3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Bacterial diversity in soil in response to different plans, phosphate fertilizers and liming

Silva¹,

Nahas²

2002

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The diversity of bacterial isolates from soil in response to different plants (control, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Cajanus cajan), fertilization (control, simple superphosphate and rock phosphate) and liming (with and without lime) was evaluated. Phenotypic and physiological characteristics of the isolates were recorded and organized in a file to identify the bacteria. Among the isolates, 95% were Gram-positive and 5% Gramnegative rods. Soil cultivated with B. ruziziensis favored the nonsporing Gram-positive and Gram-negative rods compared to soils with C. cajan or uncultivated. Number of spore-forming Gram-positive rods were higher in plots with superphosphate than in unfertilized soil or soil fertilized with rock phosphate. In unfertilized plots, larger number of Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods was obtained than in fertilized plots. Unlimed plots favored spore-forming Gram-positive rods, Gram-positive cocci and Gramnegative rods, while with liming a larger proportion of nonsporing Gram-positive rods was found. From 7 to 86% of the total isolates utilized different carbohydrates. The recording data used in this experiment was effective in the isolates identification, and might be useful for diagnosis of soil bacteria. Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Rhodococcus, Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus and Arthrobacter were the genera more commonly found. Bacterial diversity was enhanced in limed, unfertilized and plant cultivated plots.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Bacterial diversity in soil in response to different plans, phosphate fertilizers and liming

Silva¹,

Nahas²

2002

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…Soil microbial populations are increased by addition of animal manures or by synthetic fertilizers where crop production is simultaneously increased (Martyniuk and Wagner, 1978). Farming management systems which increase belowground inputs of C and N through inclusion of legumes and/or fibrous-rooted crops in a rotation sequence often increase microbial populations and activity above that observed for conventional management with commercial fertilizers (Bolton et al, 1985).…”

Section: Management Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of alternative and conventional agricultural management on soil microbial processes and nitrogen availability

et al. 1987

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Microbial activities important to effects on crop productivity and nutrient cycling can be altered by agricultural management practices. This study was conducted to determine whether soil microbial populations and their N cycling activities differ between conventional and alternative management practices. Physical, chemical, and microbial soil properties were measured at soil depth intervals of 0 to 7.5, 7.5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm at a site in southeastern Pennsylvania during the second and fifth years after conversion from a conventional, chemically intensive system to alternative systems utilizing legumes and animal manure as N sources. In the second year after conversion, populations of fungi and bacteria, dehydrogenase activity, and soil respiration in the surface soil layer were greatest with alternative systems planted to red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Differences in soil biological factors between management systems were related primarily to crop characteristics and, to a lesser extent, to soil physical properties. Levels of microbial populations and activities with conventional management were the same as with alternative management systems when similar crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] were grown. Soil NO3-N contents, at most sampling depths, were markedly increased by application of fertilizer N or recent plow-down of red clover or hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth). The growth of red clover in the second year or hairy vetch in the fifth year was accompanied by significantly increased microbial biomass and potentially mineralizable N (PMN) reserves in the top 30-cm soil layer-these changes being most pronounced in the surface 0- to 7.5-cm layer. Nitrogen deficiency symptoms and lower corn grain yields in a legume/cash grain rotation as compared with conventional management in the second year were associated with lower soil NO3, levels and a greater proportion of N present as weed biomass and belowground microbial biomass. In 1985, management systems comparisons were limited to corn as the main crop; soil NO3 levels during the growing season were inversely related to soil microbial biomass and PMN levels where hairy vetch was overseeded and incorporated as green manure by plowing before corn planting. Under the conditions of this study, the use of chemicals had little effect on microbial populations, their activity, or the cycling of nitrogen. Cropping systems-in particular, the growth of red clover or hairy vetch—profoundly influenced soil microbial biomass levels and soil pools of organic and available NO3-N during the growing season. Competitiveness of alternative management systems employing legumes as? sources for grain crops may depend largely on the grower's ability to synchronize supplies of available soil N with periods of maximum uptake by grain crops.

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“…We hypothesized that the rate of MU hydrolysis and the availability of MU-N to plant uptake is controlled by the size and activity of the soil microbial biomass (SMB) which is directly related to the amount and quality of carbon and other nutrients available from plant residues, organic amendments and root exudates (Martyniuk and Wagner 1978;Powlson et al 1987;Fraser et al 1988). There is a growing interest in the use of winter cover crops to improve soil nutrient status and enhance physical properties of intensively managed vegetable cropping systems in California (Shannon 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylene urea as a slow-release nitrogen source for processing tomatoes

Koivunen

Horwáth

2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The potential for improved fertilizer N use efficiency was tested using a slow release N fertilizer, methylene urea (MU), on processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in a 2-year field study in the Sacramento Valley, California. Fertilizer N use efficiency of urea and a (50:50, w:w) mixture of urea and MU (uMU) was determined in direct-seeded and transplanted tomato plots with winter cover crop (CC) or winter fallow (F) using 15 N labeled fertilizers. Residual MU-N was estimated from tomato N uptake in the 15 N microplots, and from residual 15 N uptake of wheat grown after two tomato crops. No significant differences were found in the quantity and quality of tomato yields among fertilizer and management treatments during the first year. Total yields in transplanted FuMU plots were significantly lower in the second test year, suggesting slow mineralization of MU-N in the F treatment. On average, about 40% of added fertilizer N was taken up in both fertilizer treatments, and the recovery of 15 N in plant biomass and soil was 75-96 and 50-74% in seeded and transplanted blocks, respectively. In the laboratory, mineralization of MU started faster in soils with past MU use, but the enhanced mineralization did not affect the plant N uptake in the field. MU is potentially an environmentally attractive fertilizer, but without an immediate increase in yield and N use efficiency compared to conventional fertilizers, its use on row crops may not be economically feasible unless the positive environmental factors like decreased leaching of N are considered.

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Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Soil Microflora Associated With Different Management Systems

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Bacterial diversity in soil in response to different plans, phosphate fertilizers and liming

Bacterial diversity in soil in response to different plans, phosphate fertilizers and liming

Influence of alternative and conventional agricultural management on soil microbial processes and nitrogen availability

Methylene urea as a slow-release nitrogen source for processing tomatoes

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