Quantitative Assessment of Appropriate Technology

Abstract

Economist Dr. E.F. Schumacher posited the concept of "Intermediate Technology" in his 1973 book Small is Beautiful, catalyzing the explosion of the appropriate technology (AT) movement. But how does one gauge the "appropriateness" of a technology? Quantitative assessment of AT can benefit sustainable community development (SCD) practitioners by way of decision-support and risk mitigation. The following research constructs a generalizable metric for quantitative assessment of AT, and develops a systematic process for its deployment. Forty-nine independent, emergent indicators of appropriateness were identified from a literature meta-analysis. The most prevalent indicators were as follows: community input, affordability, autonomy, transferability, community control, scalability, local availability of raw materials, and adaptability. Using these, a quantitative assessment tool was developed, called the Appropriate Technology Assessment Tool (ATAT). ATAT employs multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods to rank AT alternatives. In this way, inputs are aggregated using a weightedsum method, giving the composite Appropriateness Index, ( ). Using VBA coding, the author built ATAT via a simple form populated by the identified indicators. The form automates all necessary calculations, facilitating empirically rigorous quantitative assessment of AT by non-technical SCD workers. AT is only as appropriate as beneficiaries deem. A participatory research approach requires community stakeholders to rank preferred criteria for AT, and rate alternatives against the chosen criteria. This approach makes the tool customizable to local conditions. Using the Mini-Delphi Method, stakeholder opinions translate to ATAT inputs. A local case in the Westwood neighborhood of Denver, Colorado is examined to test ATAT efficacy and process viability. Prior to this research, University of Colorado graduate students partnered with local 501(c)3 Revision International to reduce winter heating costs in Westwood using a solar furnace that locals dubbed "EZ Heat". ATAT quantified the appropriateness of EZ Heat as = 4.2. This score lends empirical support to the AT's a priori deterministic selection. ATAT is designed to be free and accessible via Internet, and the author is investigating the potential of a mobile application. SCD and other community development practitioners often work in remote areas, and a mobile ATAT application will make the tool more useful.

The Economics of the Soy Kit as an Appropriate Household Technology for Food Entrepreneurs

“…13 Therefore, an assessment of the technology is subjective and seeks to be compatible with local environments. 8,13,20,21 The context, that is, economic, social needs, and environmental risks, establishes the level of technical appropriateness. 21 Bowonder 20 suggests possible sets of criteria for identifying technology appropriateness such as; labor intensity, productivity improvement, ecological stability, and energy use intensity.…”

“…12 Sustained adoption though only takes place under conditions The appropriate technology movement began in the 1970s to create novel technologies or identify existing technologies for small-scale and labor-intensive farm production systems. [13][14][15] A mismatch occurs when less developed countries attempt to adopt capital-intensive technologies that require robust market linkages, scarce critical inputs and parts, and uniquely skilled workers. 14 Many economists, using a capital intensity index that measures the ratio of capital to labor, argue that high-intensity technologies are inappropriate to settings with low capital: labor ratios (Alauddin and Tisdell, 1988).…”

“…19 Finally, any definition of appropriate technology that discounts "localness" would be deemed inappropriate. 13 Therefore, an assessment of the technology is subjective and seeks to be compatible with local environments. 8,13,20,21 The context, that is, economic, social needs, and environmental risks, establishes the level of technical appropriateness.…”

“…The appropriate technology movement began in the 1970s to create novel technologies or identify existing technologies for small-scale and labor-intensive farm production systems. 13 -15 A mismatch occurs when less developed countries attempt to adopt capital-intensive technologies that require robust market linkages, scarce critical inputs and parts, and uniquely skilled workers. 14…”

The Development and Integration of Humanitarian Engineering Curriculum in an Engineering Technology Program

“…From the appraisal, it was determined that the most appropriate project (7) for the students to engage in was a solar water heater for the local school. The students designed and built a very simple but effective water heater using local materials and costing less that $100 to build.…”