Quantitative assessment of infant body fat by anthropometry and total-body electrical conductivity

Bruin, N. C. De; Velthoven, K. A. M. Van; Stijnen, Theo; Juttmann, Rikard E.; Degenhart, H. J.; Visser, Henk

doi:10.1093/ajcn/61.2.279

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is in contrast to the results by de Bruin et al (1995), who found that this method overestimated body fatness in infants when total body electrical conductivity was used as the reference method. Their infants were, however, considerably different from our subjects with respect to age and body fatness.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Assessment of body fatness in young children using the skinfold technique and BMI vs body water dilution

Tennefors

Forsum

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: To compare body fatness estimated using a skinfold technique and body mass index (BMI) with body fatness estimated using the body water dilution method in healthy Swedish children 9 or 14 months of age. Methods: Total body fat (TBF) was calculated from total body water, estimated using the doubly labelled water method, and body weight. When expressed in per cent of body weight, these estimates (%TBF-BWD) represented reference values for body fatness. Body fatness was also calculated from skinfold thickness (%TBF-SFT) and as BMI. The children were ranked and grouped into five groups with an increasing level of body fatness using BMI, %TBF-SFT and %TBF-BWD, respectively. Subjects: A total of 30 infants 9 months of age and 29 children 14 months of age. Results: On average, the children (n ¼ 59) had a BMI ¼ 17.571.6 kg/m 2 and contained 27.873.7 %TBF-SFT and 29.174.4 %TBF-BWD. %TBF-BWD minus %TBF-SFT was ¼ 1.3574.06%. By measuring %TBF-SFT or BMI, about 35% of the children could be classified in the correct group with respect to body fatness. Serious misclassification (ie two or more groups too high or too low) was, however, more common for %TBF-SFT (29%) than for BMI (17%). Conclusions: The capacity of BMI to place children in the correct body fatness group was poor although not quite as poor as the corresponding capacity of the skinfold technique. The latter method produced inaccurate and imprecise estimates of body fatness.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Assessment of body fatness in young children using the skinfold technique and BMI vs body water dilution

Tennefors

Forsum

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Two infant studies compared body composition measurements using TOBEC with measurements using an anthropometric technique 1 or an isotope dilution method. 2 Two adult studies compared FFM measured by TOBEC with that measured by densitometry andaor 40 K counting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of body fat in Caucasian and African-American girls: total-body electrical conductivity methodology versus a four-component model

Wong

Stuff

et al. 2000

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND: Obesity has been increasing dramatically in recent years among children, particularly AfricanAmerican girls. Total-body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) is a simple way to measure body fat with minimal risk. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the agreement between the percentage of fat mass (%FM) predicted using two TOBEC equations with %FM measured by a four-component model in 73 Caucasian and 41 African-American girls. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: %FM predicted using the TOBEC equations was compared with %FM from the fourcomponent model based on measurements of body density, body water and bone mineral content. RESULTS: Analyses by linear regression analysis and by the Bland and Altman methods comparison procedure showed that the equation using the square root of the TOBEC zero-order Fourier coef®cient and the subject's height yielded more accurate and more reproducible %FM, regardless of race, than the TOBEC linear equation, which was based on the zero-, ®rst-and second-order Fourier coef®cients. The Bland and Altman comparison further revealed that the accuracy and limits of agreement of the TOBEC linear equation were related to body fatness among the Caucasian girls. The relationship, however, disappeared when prepubescent girls and a girl with low %FM were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The TOBEC square root equation with adjustment for body geometry and length is recommended for use in adolescent girls, as it yielded better agreement with the criterion method. However, further validation of the TOBEC instrumentation for estimating body fat in prepubescent children and children with low body fat is warranted.

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“…A large variety of nondestructive BCA methods have been developed, each with its advantages and shortcomings, such as air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) (6), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (7), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (8), total-body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) (9), total body potassium (TBK) (10), isotope dilution (11), skin-fold thickness measurements (SFT) (12), multicompartment models (13), computed tomography (CT) (14), MRI (15), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) (16), and quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Validation of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Body Composition Analysis for Infants Using Piglet Model

Mitchell¹

2011

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT:A study was conducted to validate the use of a quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) device for measuring the body composition of infants and neonates weighing Ͻ12 kg using the pig as a model. A total of 25 piglets weighing between 2 and 12 kg were studied. Body composition was assessed by QMR, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and whole-body chemical analysis (CA) of carcass for lipid and water content. The precision, mean and SD of repeated measurements, of QMR to estimate fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and total body water (TBW) for five consecutive scans with reposition was 12.5, 32.0, and 36.0 g, respectively. QMR measures of FM, LM, and TBW were highly and significantly correlated with CA of carcass. In terms of accuracy, mean difference between QMR and CA (percent of mean value for CA), QMR overestimated FM by 40 g (4.7%), overestimated LM by 114.9 g (2.1%), and underestimated TBW by 134.6 g (3.1%). This study concludes that QMR provides precise and accurate measures of FM, LM, and TBW in piglet weighing up to 12 kg. These results suggest that QMR can provide valuable body composition data in longitudinal studies in infants. A ccurate assessment and tracking of infant body composition is useful in evaluating the amount and quality of weight gain, which can provide key information in both clinical and research settings. Body composition analysis (BCA) can be used to monitor and evaluate infant growth patterns, efficacy of nutritional and medical interventions, progression of chronic disease, and recovery from malnutrition (1-5).A large variety of nondestructive BCA methods have been developed, each with its advantages and shortcomings, such as air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) (6), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (7), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (8), total-body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) (9), total body potassium (TBK) (10), isotope dilution (11), skin-fold thickness measurements (SFT) (12), multicompartment models (13), computed tomography (CT) (14), MRI (15), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) (16), and quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) (17).Common shortcomings include complexity and time needed to obtain results (multicomponent models, TBK, isotope dilution, MRI, and MRS), immobilization requirement (MRI, MRS, CT, and DXA), expensive equipment (MRI, MRS, CT, DXA, QMR, and TOBEC), reliability and correspondence of relations between measured quantities and body components (BIA, TOBEC, ADP, and SFT), radiation exposure (CT and DXA), and potential vulnerability to oversimplification (ADP and SFT).QMR devices stand out in that they are fast and very easy to use, require no sedation or anesthesia, and are free of radiation, while capable of unsurpassed precision and high accuracy. Typical scan times range from Ͻ1 min to Ͻ4 min in different specific devices and applications, and less than half an hour of training is sufficient for a typical user.The QMR method is a branch of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), for whole body measurement of fat, lean tissues, free...

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Quantitative assessment of infant body fat by anthropometry and total-body electrical conductivity

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of body fatness in young children using the skinfold technique and BMI vs body water dilution

Assessment of body fatness in young children using the skinfold technique and BMI vs body water dilution

Estimation of body fat in Caucasian and African-American girls: total-body electrical conductivity methodology versus a four-component model

Validation of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Body Composition Analysis for Infants Using Piglet Model

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