Quantitative Assessment of Radiation Belt Modeling

Tu, Weichao; Li, Wen; Albert, J. M.; Morley, S.

doi:10.1029/2018ja026414

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Literature reviews can be found in Schulz (), Li and Temerin (), Friedel et al (), Millan and Thorne (), Shprits et al (, ), Reeves et al (), Thorne et al (), Millan and Baker (), and Baker et al (). We also recommend the discussions in Summers (), Baker et al (), Liemohn and Chan (), Denton et al (), Liemohn et al (), Lanzerotti and Baker (), Tu et al (), and Yu et al ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Review of Current Research and Open Questions

et al. 2020

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The past decade transformed our observational understanding of energetic particle processes in near‐Earth space. An unprecedented suite of observational systems was in operation including the Van Allen Probes, Arase, Magnetospheric Multiscale, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, Cluster, GPS, GOES, and Los Alamos National Laboratory‐GEO magnetospheric missions. They were supported by conjugate low‐altitude measurements on spacecraft, balloons, and ground‐based arrays. Together, these significantly improved our ability to determine and quantify the mechanisms that control the buildup and subsequent variability of energetic particle intensities in the inner magnetosphere. The high‐quality data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Van Allen Probes are the most comprehensive in situ measurements ever taken in the near‐Earth space radiation environment. These observations, coupled with recent advances in radiation belt theory and modeling, including dramatic increases in computational power, have ushered in a new era, perhaps a “golden era,” in radiation belt research. We have edited a Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Science Special Collection dedicated to Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts in which we gather the most recent scientific findings and understanding of this important region of geospace. This collection includes the results presented at the American Geophysical Union Chapman International Conference in Cascais, Portugal (March 2018) and many other recent and relevant contributions. The present article introduces and review the context, current research, and main questions that motivate modern radiation belt research divided into the following topics: (1) particle acceleration and transport, (2) particle loss, (3) the role of nonlinear processes, (4) new radiation belt modeling capabilities and the quantification of model uncertainties, and (5) laboratory plasma experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Review of Current Research and Open Questions

et al. 2020

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“…Like the two previous models, this model also accounts for losses due to hiss interactions inside the plasmasphere and due to chorus interactions outside the plasmapause. The bounce‐averaged electron pitch angle diffusion coefficients were calculated using the University of California, Los Angeles Full Diffusion Code (Ni et al, , ; Shprits & Ni, ) and made available by the QARBM GEM focus group (Tu et al, ). The model of pitch angle diffusion coefficients due to scattering by plasmaspheric hiss was derived using the global distribution of the hiss frequency spectrum and wave intensity obtained from Van Allen Probes observations (Li et al, ), as well as the wave normal angle distribution from Ni et al ().…”

Section: Instrumentation and Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Electron Loss Models in the Inner Magnetosphere During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm

et al. 2019

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Electrons with energies in the keV range play an important role in the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere. Therefore, accurately modeling electron fluxes in this region is of great interest. However, these calculations constitute a challenging task since the lifetimes of electrons that are available have limitations. In this study, we simulate electron fluxes in the energy range of 20 eV to 100 keV to assess how well different electron loss models can account for the observed electron fluxes during the Geospace Environment Modelling Challenge Event of the 2013 St. Patrick's Day storm. Three models (Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3) of electron lifetimes due to wave‐induced pitch angle scattering are used to compute the fluxes, which are compared with measurements from the Van Allen Probes. The three models consider electron losses due to interactions with whistler mode hiss waves inside the plasmasphere and with whistler mode chorus waves outside the plasmasphere. The Case 1 (historical) model produces excessive loss at low L shells before and after the storm, suggesting that it overestimates losses due to hiss during quiet times. During the storm main phase and early recovery all three models show good agreement with the observations, indicating that losses due to chorus during disturbed times are, in general, well accounted for by the models. Furthermore, the more recent Case 2 and Case 3 models show overall better agreement with the observed fluxes.

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“…The pitch angle scattering by wave-particle interactions with magnetospheric plasma waves, which violates all three adiabatic invariants, contributes to the permanent loss of electrons to the atmosphere. For electrons in the range of 50-600 keV in this typical CIR event, although electron fluxes all returned to the average value during the recovery phase, many studies have shown that the recovery of electron flux during magnetic storms is not a purely adiabatic process and the role of nonadiabatic process could be investigated by converting fluxes to phase space density (e.g., Tu et al, 2019;Turner et al, 2012Turner et al, , 2013. So more research on phase space density (PSD) as a function of three adiabatic invariants is needed to study the relative role that loss to the magnetopause and precipitation to the atmosphere played.…”

Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Superposed Epoch Analysis of the Energetic Electron Flux Variations During CIRs Measured by BD‐IES

Yin

Zou

et al. 2019

Space Weather

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The flux variations of energetic electrons is one of the most important topics to understand dynamic processes in the space environment and the forecast for high-energy electron burst. BeiDa Image Electron Spectrometer (BD-IES), an imaging energetic elecstron spectrometer onboard a Chinese navigation satellite at an inclined geosynchronous orbit, can provide 50-600 keV electron flux data, which is used to investigate electron flux variations at GEO orbit during Co-rotating Interaction Region events (CIRs). The superposed epoch analysis is applied to study the electron flux variations in different energy channels of BD-IES during CIRs and the results support previous works. It reveals that electron fluxes in different channels all have a dropout before or at CIR interface and then the recovery of electrons with low energy reaches maximum earlier than that of electrons with high energy, with longer time differences for larger energy gap, which is consistent of two major mechanisms for energizing particles: inward radial diffusion and local acceleration. In addition, we investigate the relationship between electron flux enhancement in each energy channel and magnetic locals time and the extent of enhancement for electron flux peak value compared with average value before interface. These results can contribute to our understanding of electron flux variations at GEO during CIRs, and thus lay foundations for forecast research on high-energy electron enhancement during CIRs. Key Points: • Energetic electron flux variations at GEO during CIRs are studied using the observations from BD-IES, the first mid-energy electron detector in China • Superposed epoch analysis reveals that there are time delays between the peaks of low-and high-energy electron enhancements, with longer delay for larger energy gap • Relatively low-energy electrons tend to have MLT dependence during the enhancement process, while higher-energy electrons could reach an approximately equal level of enhancement in every MLT sector

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Quantitative Assessment of Radiation Belt Modeling

Cited by 17 publications

References 62 publications

Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Review of Current Research and Open Questions

Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Review of Current Research and Open Questions

Comparison of Electron Loss Models in the Inner Magnetosphere During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm

Superposed Epoch Analysis of the Energetic Electron Flux Variations During CIRs Measured by BD‐IES

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