Quantitative assessment of skin-bone movement at the knee

Determination of optimal placements of markers on the thigh during walking and landing

“…The displacement obtained does not quantify soft tissue artefact but corresponds to the difference between reference kinematics derived from all markers and individual marker motion. The displacement magnitudes measured here correspond well with those obtained in the literature regarding the quantification of soft tissue artefact [9]. Soft tissue artefact using external fixators or intracortical pins were up to 20 mm [10].…”

Gait knee kinematic alterations in medial osteoarthritis: three dimensional assessment

“…Secondly, artifacts from soft tissue could have affected results. Nevertheless, Sati and Larouche showed that skin-motion artifacts are reduced with this harness because it is fixed quasistatically in the thigh and calf [18]. Lustig et al concluded that this evaluation system provides an objective assessment of the precise biomechanical behavior of the knee [14].…”

“…The knee-marker attachment system is designed to reduce skin-motion artifacts [13]. Several studies have assessed its accuracy and reproducibility and validated it [13,14,17,18]. Mean interobserver repeatability value ranged between 0.4°and 0.8°for rotation angles and between 0.8 and 2.2 mm for translation [14,17].…”

Assessment of reproducibility of thigh marker ranking during walking and landing tasks

“…In a similar study, Camomilla et al 5 reported values of soft tissue displacement from 2.5 to 23 mm during step up/down motor tasks, Gao et al 13 reported a range of inter-marker movement up to 19.1 mm and Sati et al 7 reported skin-bone movement from 2 to 17 mm specifically at the knee during knee flexion. The deformation obtained in the present study is not STA but corresponds to the difference between reference kinematics derived from all markers and individual marker motion.…”

“…Researchers are continually trying to mitigate the influence of STA on the assessment of joint kinematics by analysing deformations of several marker sets [4][5][6]. Quantification of STA has been determined based on medical imaging [4,7], mathematical procedures [5,6,[8][9][10][11] or by comparison with imaging or intra-cortical pins [12]. Since methods based on stereophotogrammetry found similar STA to fluoroscopy [5,6], non-invasive approaches are used more and more since they can be applied to larger populations and utilize more extensive movements without range of motion limitation [13].…”