Quantitative Auswertung von Röntgen-Aufnahmen des Kopf-Hals-Gelenks

Herrmann, G.; Mayer, E Th

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81938-4_36

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, the high standard deviation of the Chihuahua indicated a large variance. In a comparison of ROM between large and small dogs, similar ROM values would be expected if the vertebral bodies were scaled, but this would not be due to differences in the morphology of the vertebral bodies ( 27 – 29 ). The results are consistent with subjective observations of gait analysis on the treadmill, whereas Chihuahuas, in comparison with Labrador retrievers, showed a more upright neck posture during locomotion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Three-Dimensional Kinematic Motion of the Craniocervical Junction of Chihuahuas and Labrador Retrievers

et al. 2021

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All vertebrate species have a distinct morphology and movement pattern, which reflect the adaption of the animal to its habitat. Yet, our knowledge of motion patterns of the craniocervical junction of dogs is very limited. The aim of this prospective study is to perform a detailed analysis and description of three-dimensional craniocervical motion during locomotion in clinically sound Chihuahuas and Labrador retrievers. This study presents the first in vivo recorded motions of the craniocervical junction of clinically sound Chihuahuas (n = 8) and clinically sound Labrador retrievers (n = 3) using biplanar fluoroscopy. Scientific rotoscoping was used to reconstruct three-dimensional kinematics during locomotion. The same basic motion patterns were found in Chihuahuas and Labrador retrievers during walking. Sagittal, lateral, and axial rotation could be observed in both the atlantoaxial and the atlantooccipital joints during head motion and locomotion. Lateral and axial rotation occurred as a coupled motion pattern. The amplitudes of axial and lateral rotation of the total upper cervical motion and the atlantoaxial joint were higher in Labrador retrievers than in Chihuahuas. The range of motion (ROM) maxima were 20°, 26°, and 24° in the sagittal, lateral, and axial planes, respectively, of the atlantoaxial joint. ROM maxima of 30°, 16°, and 18° in the sagittal, lateral, and axial planes, respectively, were found at the atlantooccipital joint. The average absolute sagittal rotation of the atlas was slightly higher in Chihuahuas (between 9.1 ± 6.8° and 18.7 ± 9.9°) as compared with that of Labrador retrievers (between 5.7 ± 4.6° and 14.5 ± 2.6°), which corresponds to the more acute angle of the atlas in Chihuahuas. Individual differences for example, varying in amplitude or time of occurrence are reported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Three-Dimensional Kinematic Motion of the Craniocervical Junction of Chihuahuas and Labrador Retrievers

et al. 2021

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“…The matching of the pairwise corresponding contours is performed by computer program (8). The positions of the cranium and the vertebra on both radiographs are digitized by marking some corresponding edge points or tracing corresponding contours.…”

Section: Computer-aided Evaluation Of the Mobilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, it is sufficient to digitize two pairs of points for each vertebra, but for increasing the accuracy it is recommended that some contours are traced. The matching of the pairwise corresponding contours is performed by computer program (8). Comparing the position of each vertebra relative to its neighbours before and after matching, the angles of mobility, and, additionally, the axes of rotation, are determined for each joint.…”

Section: Computer-aided Evaluation Of the Mobilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Radiographs of the Craniocervical Region and the Cervical Spine. A New Computer-Aided Technique

Mayer

Herrmann²,

Pfaffenrath

et al. 1985

Cephalalgia

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Disabilities of the articulations of the head and cervical spine can often be detected only by exact measurement of functional radiographs. From two radiographs, one in flexion and one in extension, not only can the total mobility of the head be measured, but also the mobility of the individual articulations can be evaluated by taking exact measurements of the position of each vertebra. A method for semi-automatic measuring of such pairs of radiographs is presented. Edges and structures of the bones that are clearly visible in both radiographs are digitized on a graphics tablet. Then, by computer program, each vertebra of the first radiograph is shifted and rotated until it fits best to the respective vertebra of the second radiograph. Thus, for each articulation, the mobility angle and the location of the mobility axis relative to the adjacent vertebra, can be computed. First experiences with this method are presented.

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“…The gross species-specific anatomy and head–neck posture in moving dogs as well as basic muscle activities seem to outrange breed-specific morphological characteristics.- Nevertheless, this result has to be tempered by a still relatively small study population. Multiple anatomical differences of the occiput, atlas and axis, like larger spheno-occipital angulation or the reduced craniocaudal and increased dorsoventral diameter of the atlas [ 6 , 43 – 46 ] are described in small breed and brachycephalic dogs. Presumably, these morphological variances could shift the centre of rotation of the CCJ joints cranially and induce differences in motion patterns and possible ranges of motion, but this was not detectable in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional kinematics of the craniocervical junction of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels compared to Chihuahuas and Labrador retrievers

et al. 2023

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Our knowledge about the underlying pathomechanisms of craniocervical junction abnormalities (CCJA) in dogs mostly derives from measurements based on tomographic imaging. These images are static and the positioning of the dogs’ head does not reflect the physiological in vivo position of the craniocervical junction (CCJ). Aberrant motion patterns and ranges of motion (ROM) in sound individuals of CCJA predisposed breeds may be a pathogenetic trigger. To further extend our limited knowledge of physiological motion of the CCJ, this prospective, comparative study investigates the in vivo motion patterns and ROM of the CCJ in walk and trot in sound Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and Chihuahuas. The Labrador retriever is used as a reference breed without predisposition for CCJA. This is the first detailed description of CCJ movement of trotting dogs. Biplanar fluoroscopy images, recorded in walking and trotting dogs, were matched to a virtual reconstruction of the skull and cranial cervical spine utilising Scientific Rotoscoping. Kinematic data reveal the same motion patterns among all breeds and gaits with individual temporal and spatial differences in each dog. A stride cycle-dependent lateral rotation of the cranial cervical spine and axial rotation of the atlantoaxial joint in trot in dogs is described for the first time. The ROM of the atlantoaxial and atlantooccipital joints in walk and trot were not statistically significantly greater in the CCJA-predisposed breeds CKCS and Chihuahua. ROM values of all translational and rotational degrees of freedom were larger in walk than trot, although this is only statistically significant for the atlantoaxial joint. Until proven otherwise, a more species-specific than breed-specific general motion pattern of the CCJ in walking and trotting, clinically sound dogs must be assumed. Species-specific anatomic properties of the CCJ seem to supersede breed-specific anatomical differences in clinically sound dogs.

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Quantitative Auswertung von Röntgen-Aufnahmen des Kopf-Hals-Gelenks

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Three-Dimensional Kinematic Motion of the Craniocervical Junction of Chihuahuas and Labrador Retrievers

Three-Dimensional Kinematic Motion of the Craniocervical Junction of Chihuahuas and Labrador Retrievers

Functional Radiographs of the Craniocervical Region and the Cervical Spine. A New Computer-Aided Technique

Three-dimensional kinematics of the craniocervical junction of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels compared to Chihuahuas and Labrador retrievers

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