Quantitative Comparison of Adipocytokine Gene Expression during Adipocyte Maturation in Non-obese and Obese Rats

Abstract

Adipocytokines secreted from adipocytes have been extensively analyzed due to their role as key factors in various complications of obesity, including arterial sclerosis, liver steatosis, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested that adipocyte maturation is related to fluctuations in adipocytokine secretion. However, the relationship between adipocyte maturation and adipocytokine levels has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we sought to clarify the link between adipocytokine gene expression and adipocyte maturation through systematic analysis. We quantified mRNA for six adipocytokine genes: adiponectin, resistin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and visfatin, in adipose tissue, in primary cultured adipocytes obtained from an obese Zucker rat, and in the preadipocyte cell line 3T3-L1. Moreover, to elucidate the role of adipocytokines in adipocyte maturation, adipocytokine expression levels were analyzed during maturation. Although fluctuations in adipocytokine gene expression were heterogeneous, gene expression was highly similar during maturation of primary cultured adipocytes from obese and non-obese rats, suggesting that the maturation process is independent from processes that lead to obesity. Moreover, the expression patterns of adiponectin, resistin and leptin mRNA in 3T3-L1 cells were highly similar to those in primary cultured adipocytes, indicating that these adipocytokines could be common maturation markers for primary cultured adipocytes obtained from obese and non-obese rats, and for preadipocyte cell lines.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ)-Independent Specific Cytotoxicity against Immature Adipocytes Induced by PPARγ Antagonist T0070907

“…NIH-3T3 cells undergo adipogenesis by the ectopic expression of PPARγ2 and appropriate ligand stimulation. 17) Moreover, we observed the apparent expression of PPARγ in immature adipocytes both in the present and previous studies 5) (Fig. 1B).…”

“…1A and previously described. 5) Briefly, cells were cultured in a basal medium (DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 0.2% NaHCO 3 , 4 mM L-glutamine, 3.5% glucose, 0.2 mM ascorbate, 1 nM T3 and 30 µM T4) at 37°C under a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO 2 . In this study, the day when the cells reached confluence was defined as day 0.…”

Impaired Leptin Gene Expression and Release in Cultured Preadipocytes Isolated From Individuals Born With Low Birth Weight

“…Leptin is predominantly expressed in mature adipocytes (13,14), and plasma leptin levels are in general closely associated with the total fat mass in humans (15). Besides being an important adipokine, leptin can be used as a marker of terminal adipocyte differentiation (16). It has been suggested that altered programming of the mechanisms controlling leptin gene expression and secretion from adipocytes may link early nutrition and growth with altered body composition, insulin resistance, and T2D (17).…”

A Novel Bongkrekic Acid Analog-Mediated Modulation of the Size of Lipid Droplets: Evidence for the Appearance of Smaller Adipocytes

“…31,32) Thus, we investigated the transcript levels of adiponectin in 3T3-L1 cells together with two representative hypertrophic adipocyte marker genes; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) (an insulin-responsive gene) and resistin (D8 to 14: the late treatment). [33][34][35] As shown in Fig. 6, the mRNA expression of adiponectin and resistin in Day 14 (control) was decreased as compared with control in Day 8, while Mcp-1 expression was increased in Day 14.…”