Quantitative Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography in Children

Zemel, Babette S.

doi:10.1007/s11914-011-0076-x

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, pQCT provides site-specific geometric data for the appendicular skeleton which can be combined with vBMD to calculate estimates of bone strength and fracture risk. [15] Few studies have used pQCT to assess the independent effects of lean mass and fat mass on bone geometry and strength in children[13, 16–20], and even fewer studies have assessed the relationships among lean mass and fat mass with bone strength at both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing skeletal sites. [13, 18]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative contributions of lean and fat mass to bone strength in young Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls

Hetherington‐Rauth

Bea

Blew

et al. 2018

Bone

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Lean mass is the main determinant of bone strength for appendicular skeletal sites. Fat mass contributes to bone strength in the weight-bearing skeleton but does not add to bone strength in non-weight-bearing locations and may potentially be detrimental. Bone vBMD, geometry, and strength did not differ between Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls; fat mass may be a stronger contributor to bone strength in weight-bearing bones of Hispanic girls compared to non-Hispanic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative contributions of lean and fat mass to bone strength in young Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls

Hetherington‐Rauth

Bea

Blew

et al. 2018

Bone

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“…In clinical studies, pQCT has been used to longitudinally measure the cortical and trabecular bone size and volumetric density, and cortical thickness [6]. However, the limited slice thickness of pQCT prevents more detailed analysis of trabecular structural development and its coalescence into cortical bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of skeletal growth, modeling, and remodeling by in vivo micro computed tomography

Altman

Tseng

Bakker

et al. 2015

Bone

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In this study we established an image analysis scheme for the investigation of cortical and trabecular bone development during skeletal growth and tested this concept on in vivo µCT images of rats. To evaluate its efficacy, we applied the technique to young (1-month-old) and adult (3-month-old) rat tibiae with vehicle (Veh) or intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment. By overlaying 2 sequential scans based on their distinct trabecular microarchitecure, we calculated the linear growth rate of young rats to be 0.31 mm/day at the proximal tibia. Due to rapid growth (3.7 mm in 12 days), the scanned bone region at day 12 had no overlap with the bone tissue scanned at day 0. Instead, the imaged bone region at day 12 represented newly generated bone tissue from the growth plate. The new bone of the PTH-treated rats had significantly greater trabecular bone volume fraction, number, and thickness than those of the Veh-treated rats, indicating PTH’s anabolic effect on bone modeling. In contrast, the effect of PTH on adult rat trabecular bone was found to be caused by PTH’s anabolic effect on bone remodeling. The cortical bone at the proximal tibia of young rats also thickened more in the PTH group (23%) than the Veh group (14%). This was primarily driven by endosteal bone formation and coalescence of trabecular bone into the cortex. This process can be visualized by aligning the local bone structural changes using image registration. As a result, the cortex after PTH treatment was 31% less porous, and had a 22% greater polar moment of inertia compared to the Veh group. Lastly, we monitored the longitudinal bone growth in adult rats by measuring the distance of bone flow away from the proximal tibial growth plate from 3 months to 19 months of age and discovered a total of 3.5 mm growth in 16 months. It was demonstrated that this image analysis scheme can efficiently evaluate bone growth, bone modeling, and bone remodeling, and is ready to be translated into a clinical imaging platform.

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“…Despite these advantages, pQCT also has limitations [2,11,12]. For example, partial volume effects have been shown to result in underestimation of cortical vBMD [13,2,14–16], although algorithms have been established to compensate for this limitation [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardizing Evaluation of pQCT Image Quality in the Presence of Subject Movement: Qualitative Versus Quantitative Assessment

et al. 2013

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Purpose Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is an essential tool for assessing bone parameters of the limbs, but subject movement and its impact on image quality remains a challenge to manage. The current approach to determine image viability is by visual inspection, but pQCT lacks a quantitative evaluation. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) examine the reliability of a qualitative visual inspection scale, and (2) establish a quantitative motion assessment methodology. Methods Scans were performed on 506 healthy girls (9–13yr) at diaphyseal regions of the femur and tibia. Scans were rated for movement independently by three technicians using a linear, nominal scale. Quantitatively, a ratio of movement to limb size (%Move) provided a measure of movement artifact. A repeat-scan subsample (n=46) was examined to determine %Move’s impact on bone parameters. Results Agreement between measurers was strong (ICC = .732 for tibia, .812 for femur), but greater variability was observed in scans rated 3 or 4, the delineation between repeat or no repeat. The quantitative approach found ≥95% of subjects had %Move <25%. Comparison of initial and repeat scans by groups above and below 25% initial movement, showed significant differences in the >25% grouping. Conclusions A pQCT visual inspection scale can be a reliable metric of image quality but technicians may periodically mischaracterize subject motion. The presented quantitative methodology yields more consistent movement assessment and could unify procedure across laboratories. Data suggest a delineation of 25% movement for determining whether a diaphyseal scan is viable or requires repeat.

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Quantitative Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography in Children

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Relative contributions of lean and fat mass to bone strength in young Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls

Relative contributions of lean and fat mass to bone strength in young Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls

Quantification of skeletal growth, modeling, and remodeling by in vivo micro computed tomography

Standardizing Evaluation of pQCT Image Quality in the Presence of Subject Movement: Qualitative Versus Quantitative Assessment

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