Quantitative contamination and transfer of Escherichia coli from foods by houseflies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

Jesús, Antonio J. De; Olsen, Alan R.; Bryce, J. R. G.; Whiting, Richard C.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.003

Cited by 98 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Studies (Barro et al, 2006;Muinde & Kuria, 2005) indicate that an unsafe place for the preparation and sale of street food, marked by the presence of various solid waste liquid provides a favorable environment for flies and other insects. Other studies (de Jesus et al, 2004;Szalanski et al, 2004) showed that insects play an important role in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms that cause infections. The flies are especially dangerous because of their feeding mode.…”

Section: Hygiene Practices In the Manufacturing Process Of Skewered Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the analysis showed that these flies carry many different bacteria and thus are vectors. Musca domestica, each time landing on the surface of the food, leaving a large number of pathogenic bacteria (de Jesus et al, 2004) and is recognized as a vector responsible for several diseases in all continents (Allan & Zurek, 2004). The importance of the fly population on sites of preparation and sale of food indicates the presence or proximity of an unhealthy environment so favorable to the living conditions of these insects (Barro et al, 2006).…”

Section: Hygiene Practices In the Manufacturing Process Of Skewered Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbiological analyzes on feces, legs and snout of two species of fly M. domestica and L. caesar have highlighted their role as a reservoir of microorganisms. In their diet or their movement on a surface or on food and through their excreta, these flies can deposit several microorganisms (de Jesus et al, 2004. Nichols, 2005.…”

Section: Hygiene Practices In the Manufacturing Process Of Skewered Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Hygiene Practices and Identification of Critical Control Points Relating to the Production of Skewered Meat Sold in N’Djamena-Chad

Tidjani¹,

Doutoum²,

Otchom³

et al. 2013

JFR

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Meat is a food of choice because of its nutritional quality. Grills are regularly consumed in Africa and particularly in the Sahelian countries. These are very popular consumer products. However, they can be contaminated by various microorganisms and cause food poisoning if the meat is not handled in hygienic conditions. In order to contribute to improving the quality of these products, we have followed the steps in production of meat skewers by the method of "5M" of Ishikawa. The "HACCP decision tree" model was used to determine the Critical Control Points (CCP). Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a method and principles of management of food safety. The results of monitoring procedures for making meat skewers showed many shortcomings in hygiene. Six (06) critical points were determined. As for testing, we conducted microbiological analyzes on fifty (50) units of samples corresponding to ten (10) different types of products collected at different stages of production. Compared to AFNOR (French Association of Standardization), criteria for cooked and dehydrated soups and considering the analytical variability associated with the methods of analysis, our results indicate that the products contaminated with germs indicating failure to comply with hygiene. Samples analyzed presented at different stages of production compliance rate of 40% for total bacteria (30 °C), 30% for total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms (44 °C). The rate of non-compliance is 40% compared with sulphite-reducing anaerobes. Molds identified in meat skewered and ingredients are Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp and Geotrichum sp. Salmonella, S. aureus and yeasts are absent in the samples. Training on good hygiene practices is required at vendors in order to ensure the hygienic quality of grilled meats.

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Section: Hygiene Practices In the Manufacturing Process Of Skewered Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hygiene Practices In the Manufacturing Process Of Skewered Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hygiene Practices In the Manufacturing Process Of Skewered Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of Hygiene Practices and Identification of Critical Control Points Relating to the Production of Skewered Meat Sold in N’Djamena-Chad

Tidjani¹,

Doutoum²,

Otchom³

et al. 2013

JFR

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“…(4,5,7), Shigella spp. (4,5,(8)(9)(10), Vibrio cholerae (4,9), Escherichia coli, including enterohemorrhagic E. coli (4,5,7,8,(11)(12)(13), Bacillus cereus (8), Cryptosporidium spp. (3,(14)(15)(16), Giardia lamblia (3), and rotavirus (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors Associated with High Fly Densities and Diarrhea in Vellore, India

Collinet-Adler

Babji

Francis

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Diarrhea causes significant morbidity and mortality in Indian children under 5 years of age. Flies carry enteric pathogens and may mediate foodborne infections. In this study, we characterized fly densities as a determinant of infectious diarrhea in a longitudinal cohort of 160 urban and 80 rural households with 1,274 individuals (27% under 5 years of age) in Vellore, India. Household questionnaires on living conditions were completed at enrollment. Fly abundance was measured during the wet and dry seasons using fly ribbons placed in kitchens. PCRs for enteric bacteria, viruses, and protozoa were performed on 60 fly samples. Forty-three (72%) fly samples were positive for the following pathogens: norovirus (50%), Salmonella spp. (46.7%), rotavirus (6.7%), and Escherichia coli (6.7%). Ninety-one episodes of diarrhea occurred (89% in children under 5 years of age). Stool pathogens isolated in 24 of 77 (31%) samples included E. coli, Shigella spp., Vibrio spp., Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and rotavirus. Multivariate log-linear models were used to explore the relationships between diarrhea and fly densities, controlling for demographics, hygiene, and human-animal interactions. Fly abundance was 6 times higher in rural than urban sites (P < 0.0001). Disposal of garbage close to homes and rural living were significant risk factors for high fly densities. The presence of latrines was protective against high fly densities and diarrhea. The adjusted relative risks of diarrheal episodes and duration of diarrhea, associated with fly density at the 75th percentile, were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.34) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.29), respectively. Flies harbored enteric pathogens, including norovirus, a poorly documented pathogen on flies. Diarrhea has been shown to be the cause of death of over 10% of Indian children under the age of 5 (1). Transmission of infectious diarrhea is fecal to oral, with zoonotic and/or anthroponotic cycles depending on the pathogen. Environmental factors that appear to be associated with the epidemiology of enteric pathogens include a wide range of events and processes. These include strong seasonal patterns, such as rain events, temperature extremes, soil and water ammonia levels, soil characteristics and vegetation cover, proximity of infective feces to water and food supplies ultimately used for human consumption, type of water disinfection used and the use of untreated or undertreated wastewater for agricultural irrigation, predation and sequestration of pathogens by invertebrates, pathogen reservoir characteristics, such as number and age of animals in direct and indirect contact with water and food supplies, and pathogen transport by flies and other flying insects (2).Flies are known to carry enteric pathogens, and it is thought that some foodborne transmission of enteric infections may be mediated by flies (3). Enteropathogens previously isolated from flies in field and laboratory experiments include Campylobacter

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“…Contamination might also occur due to poor food handling practices of the vendors as most vendors lack awareness and knowledge of food safety and have not been formally trained in food safety (Fang et al, 2003;Duff SP, 2003;Barro et al, 2006b;Chukuezi, 2010;Al Mamun et al, 2013). Bacterial transmission via flies might also occur (De Jesús et al, 2004;Barro et al, 2006a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of enteric bacteria in the popular street food chotpoti in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Hassan

Islam

Salauddin

et al. 2017

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res

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Contaminated street food has been linked to food-borne illness and food-borne outbreak. Chotpoti is a popular street food in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to identify enteric bacteria in chotpoti sold in different parts of the capital city Dhaka. From July to October, 2012 we purposively selected 18 sites where chotpoti was sold in Dhaka city. From each site we randomly selected six chotpoti stalls for sample collection. At each stall we aseptically collected approximately 100 gm of a combined sample of chotpoti, chili sauce and water used for cleaning utensils. The combined sample was homogenized and was serially diluted in a sterile test tube with normal saline to obtain a dilution up to 10 -5 . From each test tube 0.1 ml of dilution was plated on to MacConkey and Blood agar plates under aerobic conditions at 37˚C for 24 to 48 hours. Bacterial growth was identified by the colonial morphology, Gram stain, and biochemical tests. Of the 108 samples we analyzed, 84 (78%) were contaminated with bacterial pathogens. Among isolated organisms Acinetobacter (66%) was the most dominant followed by Klebsiella spp. (54%), E. coli (3%) and Proteus spp. (0.9%). Two different organisms were present in 47 (44%) samples. In half of the study sites, every sample was contaminated; in only one site bacterial contamination was absent in all samples. Contaminated street food like chotpoti may cause food borne illness and pose risk of food borne epidemics. Further studies are required for quantitative assessment of pathogens to detect potential sources of contamination and to develop interventions that can effectively reduce street food contamination.

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Quantitative contamination and transfer of Escherichia coli from foods by houseflies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

Cited by 98 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of Hygiene Practices and Identification of Critical Control Points Relating to the Production of Skewered Meat Sold in N’Djamena-Chad

Assessment of Hygiene Practices and Identification of Critical Control Points Relating to the Production of Skewered Meat Sold in N’Djamena-Chad

Environmental Factors Associated with High Fly Densities and Diarrhea in Vellore, India

Detection of enteric bacteria in the popular street food chotpoti in Dhaka, Bangladesh

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