Abstract. This study investigated the relationship between choline by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and late enhancement curves by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI) in determining therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) among invasive breast cancer patients. Subjects comprised 21 women (22 breasts) with biopsyconfirmed invasive breast cancer (mean age 54 years) who underwent MRS with choline and gadolinium-enhanced DMRI at 1.5 T before and after NAC. Choline signals on MRS were classified into 2 patterns: choline-positive or cholinenegative, while late enhancement curves were classified as 'plateau' or 'washout' (type A), or 'persistent' (type B) according to the consensus of 2 radiologists. Maximum tumor diameters and clinical tumor reduction rates were assessed by MRI. Before NAC, choline-positive results were found in all 22 tumors, 21 of which were type A and 1 of which was type B. After NAC, a change from choline-positive to cholinenegative was observed with MRS in 11 tumors, while another 11 remained choline-positive. According to DMRI, enhancement curves changed from type A to type B in 14 tumors, remained type A in 7 tumors, and remained type B in 1 tumor. Tumor reduction rates were significantly greater for cholinenegative tumors than for choline-positive tumors after NAC (p=0.0115). Following NAC, no significant correlation was noted between enhancement curves and reduction rates (p=0.1210), although a significant correlation was noted between enhancement curves and choline signals (p=0.0014). Changes in choline signals as noted using MRS might offer advantages over changes in enhancement curves by DMRI when evaluating response to NAC in terms of the tumor reduction rate in invasive breast cancer.
IntroductionAmong conventional modalities such as ultrasonography, mammography and computed tomography (1-3), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has priority for the detection of breast cancer and for the evaluation of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (4-11). Enhancement curves by dynamic MRI (DMRI) are known to be useful for detecting or monitoring breast cancer (4,12,13). In addition to MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is becoming increasingly attractive for the detection or monitoring of breast cancer (14-24). MRS detects elevated levels of cholinecontaining compounds in breast cancer tissue, which yield a signal at a chemical shift of 3.2 ppm (25). Choline by MRS and enhancement curves by DMRI represent common methods for dealing with non-morphological diagnostic parameters. The present study therefore assessed the correlation between MRS and enhancement curves from DMRI in determining response to NAC.
Materials and methodsPatients. The present study was performed at our institution between January 2007 and Feburary 2008. Subjects comprised 21 patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma (unilateral n=20; bilateral n=1) diagnosed by ultrasonography-guided fine needle biopsy. Mean subject age was 54 years (range 40-67 years).Neoadjuvant chemo...