Quantitative criteria for estimation of natural and artificial ecosystems functioning

Pechurkin, N.S.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.059

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…But in Central Africa this index is comparable with the index for a similar sized mammal. We can conclude then that ''while politics (social life) is concentrated economics, economics is concentrated energetics'' (Pechurkin, 2005).…”

Section: Second Functional Criterion: Energy Principle Of Intensive Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third functional principle -MUC deals with the behavior of more complicated multi-organism systems of upper levels of bio-hierarchy, including ecosystems, biomes and Biosphere as a whole. A new emergent feature of the multi-organism systems appears at these levels (Pechurkin, 2005). It is the necessity of matter (substances) cycling.…”

Section: Third Functional Principle: Main Universal (Generalized) Crimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, material development of human civilization can be assessed with EPID (Pechurkin, 2005). On the average, modern man as one of the ''conquerors'' (highest in the food chain) in biological macroevolution on the average uses for his life-support 20 times more energy flow than the average mammal of his size.…”

Section: Second Functional Criterion: Energy Principle Of Intensive Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To define quantitative criteria for effective functioning of multi-organism systems it is necessary to use hierarchical approach (Pechurkin, 2005). Simplified classification considers four integrated hierarchical levels ): (1) organism level (as basal one);…”

Section: Goals and Main Features Of Biosphericsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Biospherics” approach for studies of natural and artificial ecosystems

Pechurkin¹,

Сомова²

2008

Advances in Space Research

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Section: Second Functional Criterion: Energy Principle Of Intensive Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Third Functional Principle: Main Universal (Generalized) Crimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Second Functional Criterion: Energy Principle Of Intensive Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Goals and Main Features Of Biosphericsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Biospherics” approach for studies of natural and artificial ecosystems

Pechurkin¹,

Сомова²

2008

Advances in Space Research

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“…The producer-consumer-decomposer cycle powered by sunlight in CBLSS was described using a system of differential balance equations (Pechurkin, 2005;Pisman et al 2005), for which the plants and some bacteria capable of producing their own food photosynthetically or by chemical synthesis are taken as the producer; the animals that obtain their energy and protein directly by grazing and/or feeding on other animals, as the consumer; the fungi and bacteria that decompose the organic matter of producers and consumers into inorganic substances that can be re-used as food by the producers, as the decomposer. The specific growth rates of producers were written in terms of the Monod law (Perry et al, 1997).…”

Section: Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed bioregenerative life support systems: Applicability to hot deserts

Polyakov¹,

Musaev

Polyakov³

2010

Nature Precedings

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Water scarcity in hot deserts, which cover about one-fifth of the Earth's land area, along with rapid expansion of hot deserts into arable lands is one of the key global environmental problems.As hot deserts are extreme habitats characterized by the availability of solar energy with a nearly complete absence of organic life and water, space technology achievements in designing closed ecological systems may be applicable to the design of sustainable settlements in the deserts. This review discusses the key space technology findings for closed biogenerative life support systems (CBLSS), which can simultaneously produce food, water, nutrients, fertilizers, process wastes, and revitalize air, that can be applied to hot deserts. Among them are the closed cycle of water and the acceleration of the cycling times of carbon, biogenic compounds, and nutrients by adjusting the levels of light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide, and air velocity over plant canopies. Enhanced growth of algae and duckweed at higher levels of carbon dioxide and light intensity can be important to provide complete water recycling and augment biomass production.The production of fertilizers and nutrients can be enhanced by applying the subsurface flow wetland technology and hyper-thermophilic aerobic bacteria for treating liquid and solid wastes.The mathematical models, optimization techniques, and non-invasive measuring techniques developed for CBLSS make it possible to monitor and optimize the performance of such closed ecological systems. The results of long-duration experiments performed in BIOS-3, Biosphere 2, Laboratory Biosphere, and other ground-based closed test facilities suggest that closed water cycle can be achieved in hot-desert bioregenerative systems using the pathways of evapotranspiration, condensation, and biological wastewater treatment technologies. We suggest that the state of the art in the CBLSS design along with the possibility of using direct sunlight for * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-347-673-7747. E-mail address: ypolyakov@uspolyresearch.com (Yu.S. Polyakov). 2 photosynthesis and recent advances in photovoltaic engineering can be used as a basis for building sustainable settlements producing food, water, and energy in hot deserts.

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